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散逸层

紫色的部分是散逸層(Exosphere)。
地球大气层
散逸层(600 km ~ 2000 km至3000 km)
增溫層(80至85 km ~ 600 km)
中氣層(50 km ~ 80至85 km)
平流层(8至18 km ~ 50 km)
对流层(地面 ~ 8至18 km)

散逸层(英語:Exosphere),亦称外氣層,是地球大气层的最外层,位于增溫層的上方,其顶界可被视作整个大气层的上界。散逸层大气的温度极高,因此空气粒子运动很快。又因其离地心较远,受地球引力作用较小,所以这一层的大气质点经常散逸至外层空间。散逸层的这一特点也造成其大气密度极低,和外層空间区别不大[1]

范围和组成

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散逸层的下界距离地表800km、顶界约为2000-3000km,这里也可被视作地球大气层的上界。散逸层的大气由电离气体组成,大气密度已经与星际非常接近,本层大气质量只有大气层总质量的10-11。地球大气层在这一层逐渐过渡到星际空间,地冕也存在于这一层。

气温

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理論上散逸层的气温极高,气温由低到高呈垂直分布,随着高度的升高而升高。散逸层的高温在原理上与增溫層相同,大气分子是因为吸收了来自太阳的短波辐射而被加热的。但由于散逸层的大气密度实在太低,所以氣體分子雖然帶有了很大的能量,但不會令人感到任何溫暖,一台普通的溫度計也只會量度到零攝氏度以下。

人类应用

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散逸层是人造卫星火箭航天器的运行空间,在極低的密度下大氣阻力基本上可以忽略不計。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 谢础, 贾玉红, 黄俊, 吴永康. 航空航天技术概论(第2版). 北京航空航天大学出版社. 2008: 66,67. ISBN 978-7-81124-428-1. 
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散逸层
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