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墓地轨道

此條目翻譯自英語維基百科,需要相關領域的編者協助校對翻譯。如果您精通本領域,又能清楚地將英語翻譯為中文,歡迎您協助校訂翻譯。原文参见en:Graveyard orbit

死亡轨道(英語:Graveyard orbit),也称为垃圾轨道(junk orbit)或報廢轨道(disposal orbit),是用于从通常运行轨道上脱离的太空轨道。一个重要的墓地轨道是在地球同步轨道上方的超同步轨道英语supersynchronous orbit。卫星通常在其运行寿命英语operational life结束时转入此类轨道,以降低与航天器碰撞和产生太空垃圾的可能性。

報廢轨道

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地球靜止軌道

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地球靜止軌道距離地球35,786公里,在它之上的衛星普遍體積較大,一般可以運作15至30年,在燃料耗盡之前會被飛行到比原本軌道高數百公里的位置,是為墓地轨道,即是放置廢棄衛星的軌道。衛星在墓地轨道因為所受的引力比較少,會慢慢飄向外太空。美國衛星營運商Dish Network於2023年因為沒有將其EchoStar VII英语EchoStar VII衛星移送至墓地轨道而被联邦通信委员会(FCC)罰款[1]

近地轨道

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近地轨道一般在2000公里以下,在這裡的衛星多數是微卫星,亦可以是大型卫星互联网星座英语Satellite internet constellation的一部分。要將它們飛往3萬6千公里以外的軌道是沒有可能的。有必要采取新举措确保物体在达到使用寿命前脱离。不同于需要三个月燃料的地球靜止軌道(GEO)墓地轨道,大型卫星网络须能被动衰减到地球大气层上的轨道。例如,OneWebSpaceX已向FCC监管机构承诺,退役的卫星将衰减至一个较低轨道,即報廢轨道——卫星在该轨道高度上会由于大气阻力而衰减,然后自然地再入大气层并在寿命结束后的一年内燃尽。[2]

参见

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备注

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Shepardson, David. DISH gets first-ever space debris fine over EchoStar-7. Reuters. 2 October 2023 [3 October 2023]. 
  2. ^ Brodkin, Jon. SpaceX and OneWeb broadband satellites raise fears about space debris. Ars Technica. 4 October 2017 [28 April 2019]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-06). 

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墓地轨道
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