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埃利斯塔

埃利斯塔市旗
埃利斯塔市徽

埃利斯塔俄語Элиста,俄语拉丁字母拼写:Elista,卡爾梅克語Элст)是俄羅斯卡爾梅克共和國首府。2022年人口為266,432人。

1865年建城,1920年成為卡爾梅克自治州首府。1930年代原來屬於游牧民族卡爾梅克人約瑟夫·斯大林農業集體化政策下被迫放棄其生活方式,城市因而發展起來。1943年卡爾梅克蘇維埃社會主義自治共和國被解散,當地人被流放到西伯利亞俄羅斯族遷入,城市也改名為斯捷普诺伊(Степно́й),直到1957年卡爾梅克人獲准回歸為止。

地理

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氣候

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埃利斯塔
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 14.5
(58.1)
17.6
(63.7)
22.6
(72.7)
29.0
(84.2)
37.2
(99.0)
39.8
(103.6)
43.3
(109.9)
40.9
(105.6)
38.7
(101.7)
32.7
(90.9)
20.1
(68.2)
15.4
(59.7)
43.3
(109.9)
平均高温 °C(°F) −1.2
(29.8)
−0.8
(30.6)
6.2
(43.2)
16.1
(61.0)
22.9
(73.2)
28.5
(83.3)
31.7
(89.1)
30.6
(87.1)
23.8
(74.8)
15.2
(59.4)
5.9
(42.6)
0.6
(33.1)
15.0
(59.0)
日均气温 °C(°F) −3.9
(25.0)
−3.9
(25.0)
2.1
(35.8)
10.7
(51.3)
17.0
(62.6)
22.3
(72.1)
25.3
(77.5)
24.1
(75.4)
17.8
(64.0)
10.5
(50.9)
2.8
(37.0)
−2.0
(28.4)
10.2
(50.4)
平均低温 °C(°F) −6.6
(20.1)
−7.0
(19.4)
−2.0
(28.4)
5.3
(41.5)
11.1
(52.0)
16.1
(61.0)
18.9
(66.0)
17.5
(63.5)
11.8
(53.2)
5.8
(42.4)
−0.2
(31.6)
−4.6
(23.7)
5.5
(41.9)
历史最低温 °C(°F) −31.0
(−23.8)
−29.2
(−20.6)
−21.0
(−5.8)
−8.9
(16.0)
−1.3
(29.7)
4.0
(39.2)
9.3
(48.7)
7.1
(44.8)
−0.4
(31.3)
−8.8
(16.2)
−21.2
(−6.2)
−28.4
(−19.1)
−31.0
(−23.8)
平均降水量 mm(英寸) 23.9
(0.94)
20.6
(0.81)
27.1
(1.07)
31.3
(1.23)
43.5
(1.71)
48.9
(1.93)
35.4
(1.39)
28.7
(1.13)
33.0
(1.30)
32.0
(1.26)
30.3
(1.19)
28.9
(1.14)
383.6
(15.10)
数据来源:Элиста погода и климат

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埃利斯塔
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