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坚昆都督府

坚昆都督府唐朝前中期的一个都督府,故治在今俄罗斯叶尼塞河上游一带。坚昆,中国古代北方少数民族名。唐代又称“黠戛斯”,元代称“吉尔吉斯”,清代称为“布鲁特”。

唐朝疆域内的坚昆都督府(648-693)

历史

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坚昆在漠北各族中是具有较强实力的一支,“坚昆本强国也,地与突厥等。”

贞观六年(公元632年),偃师尉王义宏曾受命出使坚昆,这是唐朝与坚昆建立联系的最早记录[1]

唐贞观十七年(公元643年),在坚昆脱离东突厥的羁绊之后,派使者入唐,“贡貂裘和貂皮”,与唐朝开始政治、经济往来。

贞观二十二年(648年),铁勒结骨(黠戛斯、Yenisei Kirgiz)部族内附,唐设坚昆都督府,以其首领失钵屈阿栈为都督,隶燕然都护府。663年转隶属于瀚海都护府,669年隶属于安北大都护府

武周长寿二年(693年),安北大都护府所属漠北诸部均为后突厥汗国吞并,坚昆都督府才终结建制,前后存在45年。唐乾元年间(759年)坚昆为回鹘汗国所征服[2]

公元840年,坚昆灭回鹘,建立黠戛斯汗国,与唐关系甚密。时黠戛斯拥众数十万,胜兵八万,多次助唐征突厥和李克用之乱。

参见

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参考资料

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  • 《太平寰宇记·黠戛斯》
  • 《新唐书·卷217·坚昆传》
  1. ^ 《太平寰宇记·黠戛斯》
  2. ^ 王洁. 坚昆都督府及其与唐朝的关系. 内蒙古社会科学(汉文版). 
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坚昆都督府
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