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地质构造

地质构造,简称构造,是地壳岩石圈各个组成部分的形态及其结合方式和面貌特征的总称。构造是岩石岩层地球内动力的作用下产生的原始面貌。

尺度

  • 形成构造的构造运动也常称为地壳运动,地壳运动通常很缓慢,以地质年代作为时间的尺度,但也有快速突变的运动,如火山喷发和地震
  • 构造的空间尺度有大有小,大的构造带纵横几千千米,小的如岩石片理甚至矿物晶格位错,但通常所说的地质构造是较大尺度上的。

类型

构造的类型按构造形成时间可分为原生构造和次生构造:

  • 原生构造,指成岩过程中形成的构造。如岩浆岩的流面,沉积岩的层理等。
  • 次生构造,指岩石形成后在构造运动作用下产生的构造,有褶皱断层等。
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地质构造
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