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悬河

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日本京都府井手町的玉川。此圖片中的河床為奈良線隧道頂部

悬河又称地上河,即河床高出两岸地面的河流。悬河形成的原因是:含沙量很大的河流,在两岸河谷开阔、比较平缓的河段,泥沙大量堆积,河床不断抬高,水位也相应上升。为防止水害的发生,两岸大堤随之不断加高,时间长了,河床便高出两岸地面,成为悬河。

中国黄河下游的河南山东段有800多公里的悬河,部分河段甚至为二级悬河,为世界罕见。

危害

[编辑]

泥沙的大量淤积使黄河下游河床不断上升,两岸地区每逢汛期便面临着洪水的威胁。长期以来,人们采取修筑堤防的方式来约束洪水,致使河床与两岸地面的高差越来越大。历史上黄河下游曾多次决口泛滥,给华北平原地区的人民带来嚴重的灾难。河南省的地上河最为典型。


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悬河
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