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圍攻巴米揚

圍攻巴米揚也称为范延堡之战成吉思汗十六年(1221年)秋,蒙古第一次西征中,蒙古帝国军队南下哥疾宁(今阿富汗喀布尔西南加兹尼)途中在范廷(現代巴米揚)发生的攻坚战。

背景

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花剌子模蘇丹阿拉烏丁·摩訶末死後,他兒子札蘭丁在阿富汗募兵抵抗。新王札兰丁在哥疾宁率兵八万,计划大举反攻。

攻城

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成吉思汗派失吉忽秃忽率三万骑兵前往喀布尔山区,威胁札兰丁侧背,保护主力南下。察合台窝阔台拖雷率蒙古军主力南下哥疾宁。途经客儿端塞(也称古儿疾汪,今阿富汗杜尔扎卜和吉尔吉万县境内),围攻一个月,方才攻克。毀城屠城后,继续前进,越过兴都库什山脉,抵达帆延(今阿富汗巴米扬)附近的范延堡。范延堡城高坚固,居民拒不投降。蒙古军使用攻城兵器攻城,范延堡居民使用弓矢弩炮对抗,在双方激战中,察合台之子木阿秃干中箭身亡。木阿秃干少年骁勇,骑射皆精,成吉思汗钟爱此孙。此时,成吉思汗非常悲愤,督军昼夜轮番强攻,城上城下,积尸如山,蒙古军移尸作梯,奋勇杀入攻陷范延堡。成吉思汗闻报失吉忽秃忽在八鲁湾(今阿富汗北部帕尔旺省)遭遇战中败于札兰丁,于是下令昼夜兼程急奔哥疾宁,寻找札兰丁决战[1]

事後

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在來到巴米揚時,因他的孫子木阿秃干被守軍射殺,成吉思汗極憤怒,决定在破城後不取一物不留一人,破壞是如此徹底,因此蒙古人稱巴米揚為“卯八里”,即[被毁]壞之城。

圍攻後成吉思汗為繼續追擊札蘭丁進入印度

参考文献

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  1. ^ 《中国战典 上》. 中国人民革命军事博物馆编著 北京:解放军出版社 1994 第771页. 
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圍攻巴米揚
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