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圆均匀分布

概率论与方向统计学中,圆均匀分布(英語:circular uniform distribution)是单位圆上均匀的概率分布。

描述

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圆均匀分布的概率密度函数是:

用圆变量来表示,圆均匀分布的n(n>0)阶圆矩都为0。

平均值的分布

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从一个圆均匀分布取得的个测量值的样本平均为:

其中[1]

平均长度

平均角度

圆均匀分布的样本平均的取值集中在0的附近,随着N增大而更加集中。均匀分布的样本平均的分布为[2]

其中的使得为常数的子空间。角度分布是均匀的

的分布为:

圆均匀分布的样本平均的分布(N=3),蒙特卡洛模拟,1万点。

其中是0阶贝塞尔函数。上面的积分没有已知的解析解,也很难作近似估计,因为被积函数有大量震荡。

对于某些特殊情况,上面的积分式可以求出来,例如N=2:

当N很大时,平均值的分布可以由方向统计学的中心极限定理确定。由于角度是均匀分布的,每个角的正弦和余弦服从分布:

其中。由此可得平均值为0,均值为1/2。根据中心极限定理,在大N极限下,作为大量独立同分布的随机变量的和,近似于均值为0方差为1/2N的正态分布。

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均匀分布的微分就是

其中是长度为的区间。这是圆分布的熵的最大值。

参考文献

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  1. ^ "Transmit beamforming for radar applications using circularly tapered random arrays - IEEE Conference Publication". ieeexplore.ieee.org. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  2. ^ Jammalamadaka, S. Rao; Sengupta, A. (2001). Topics in Circular Statistics. World Scientific Publishing Company. ISBN 978-981-02-3778-3.
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圆均匀分布
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