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圆丛

数学中,(定向圆丛circle bundle)是一个纤维是圆周 的定向纤维丛,或更准确地,是一个U(1)-丛。它同伦等价线丛。在物理学中,圆丛是电磁学自然的几何背景。圆丛是球丛的一个特例。

与电动力学的关系

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麦克斯韦方程对应于一个用 2-形式 F 表示的电磁场,满足 上同调于零。特别地,总存在一个 1-形式 A 使得:

给定 M 上一个线丛 P 及其投影

我们有同态

这里 是拉回。每个同态对应一个狄拉克单极(Dirac monopole英语Dirac monopole);整系数上同调群对应于电荷的量子化。

例子

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霍普夫纤维化是一类非平凡圆丛。

分类

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流形 M 上圆丛的同构类一一对应于 M 的第二整上同调群 。这个同构由欧拉类实现。

等价地,同构类对应于从 M 到无穷维复射影空间 映射的同伦类,这是 U(1) 的分类空间。参见U(n)的分类空间。

用同伦理论的话说,周圆与去掉原点的复平面是等价的。利用配丛构造,圆丛等价于光滑复线丛因为两者的转移函数都在 C* 中。在此情形,圆丛的欧拉类或实二维平面丛与线丛的第一陈类相同。

又见:王序列(王宪忠)

参考文献

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圆丛
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