For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 四種氣質.

四種氣質

18世紀關於四種氣質的描述,[1] 上:黏液質和膽汁質,下:多血質和抑鬱質

四種氣質(英語:Four temperaments),源自於古希臘的性格分類,根據體液學說所提出,該學說認為人體由四種液體組成,分別是-血液(對應多血質)、黏液(對應黏液質)、黃膽汁(對應膽汁質)和黑膽汁(對應抑鬱質)。這四種液體,平衡發展時,會形成各種人體功能;當體液不均衡時則會造成疾病。人的不同情緒也被認為與體液有關,根據每個人先天不同的體液比例,會形成不同的性格

歷史

[编辑]

氣質理論起源於古希臘體液學說。它可能起源於古埃及醫學[2]或美索不達米亞。[3]希波克拉底將其發展為醫學理論。他認為某些人類的情緒,情感和行為是由於體液不平衡引起的,他將其歸類為血液,黃膽汁,黑膽汁和黏液。[4]蓋倫在其關於氣質的論文中發展了第一種氣質類型,並通過生理因素尋找人類的不同行為的起因。他從四個元素中將它們分類為冷熱乾濕。氣質之間也可能存在“平衡”,總共產生9種氣質。“氣質”一詞本身來自拉丁語“temperare”,“to mix”。在理想人格中,混合型在冷熱和乾濕之間達到了平衡。

相關條目

[编辑]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 約翰·卡斯珀·拉瓦特(Johann Kaspar Lavater)的木刻作品Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung der Menschenkenntnis und Menschenliebe(1775–1778)
  2. ^ van Sertima, Ivan. The Golden Age of the Moor. Transaction Publishers. 1992: 17. ISBN 1-56000-581-5. 
  3. ^ Sudhoff, Karl. Essays in the History of Medicine. Medical Life Press, New York: 67, 87, 104. 1926. 
  4. ^ Boeree, C. George. Early Medicine and Physiology. [21 February 2013]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-06). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
四種氣質
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?