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四安將軍.
四安將軍,即安東將軍、安西將軍、安南將軍、安北將軍,是中國古代的高級武官。在漢魏時開始設立,並成為「重號將軍」(常設將軍)的一種。一般地位次於四鎮將軍,高於四平將軍。蜀漢則為在四征將軍之下,四平將軍之上。
歷代品秩沿革:四安將軍存在時間約為192年-557年,前後約莫360餘年。[1]
- 曹魏時為「第三品」,地位相當於九卿、尚書令等重臣。
- 晉朝時四安仍為「第三品」,地位相當於尚書令、侍中等官員。
- 劉宋時則亦為「第三品」,地位不變。
- 南齊時亦有,但品級史料未載,不詳。大體與前朝無太多改變。
- 南梁時四安被改為八安,位列「二十一班」,仍為重號將軍,為將軍職第四等,在八鎮之下,四平、四翊之上。
- 北魏時則為四安為「正三品」,加大者,地位相當於吏部尚書、中領軍、中書令等官員。
- 北齊時則為四安為「正三品」,地位不變。
- 北周未曾設立後,歷代皆無此官位,就此消失。
在東漢末年首次設立該職位,佔據徐州的陶謙就曾經在初平三年(192年)三月,董卓死後,因陶謙在李傕、郭汜作亂關中,糧盡援絕之際仍出使奉貢漢獻帝,因而被封為徐州牧,加安東將軍,封溧陽侯。[2]
在東漢末年首次設立該職位,興平元年(194年)秋七月甲子,董卓舊將鎮南將軍楊定在董卓伏誅後,被封為安西將軍,開府儀同三司。[3]
在東漢末年首次設立該職位,建安三年(198年),時任寧輯將軍的段煨在謁者僕射裴茂的指揮下,進入長安後,指揮梁興、張橫擊殺逃到黃白城的李傕,將李傕全家老少二百餘口押解許都,曹操下令夷滅三族,獻帝遂封段煨為「安南將軍」、閺鄉侯。[4]
曹魏時為「第三品」,但無得此官職之人的相關紀錄。
- ^ 《通典·秩品一~秩品四》
- ^ 《後漢書·陶謙傳》:「時董卓雖誅,而李傕、郭汜作亂關中。是時四方斷絕,謙每遣使閒行,奉貢西京。詔遷為徐州牧,加「安東將軍」,封溧陽侯。」
- ^ 《資治通鑑·卷六十一·漢紀五十三》:「甲子,以鎮南將軍楊定為安西將軍,開府如三公。」
- ^ 《三國志·董卓傳》:「三年,使謁者僕射裴茂詔關中諸將段煨等討李傕,夷三族。以段煨為安南將軍,封閺鄉侯。」
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