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四书章句集注

清內府仿刊宋淳祐本

四书章句集注》是一部儒家理学著作,为南宋朱熹所著,是四书的重要的注本。其内容分为《大学章句》(1卷)、《中庸章句》(1卷)、《论语集注》(10卷)以及《孟子集注》(14卷)。

内容

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朱熹首次將《禮記》中的《大學》、《中庸》與《論語》、《孟子》並列,認為《大學》中“經”的部分是“孔子之言而曾子述之”,“傳”的部分是“曾子之意而門人記之”;《中庸》是“孔門傳授心法”而由“子思筆之於書以授孟子”。四者上下連貫傳承而為一體。

《大學》、《中庸》中的註釋稱為“章句”,《論語》、《孟子》中的註釋集合了眾人說法,稱為“集注”。後人合稱其為“四書章句集注”,簡稱“四書集注”。

此書是朱熹傾注畢生心血之作,他至臨死前一天還在修改《大學·誠意章》的注,如他自己所說“畢力鉆研,死而後已”。

1313年,元仁宗发布诏令定“四書集注”為科舉考試的定本,指望中举的读书人必须熟读,不得另外解释。明清两朝沿用。[1],可見其對日後學術發展的重要性。

負面評價

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毛奇齡反對朱熹理學,曾撰《四書改錯》批評《四書集注》,書中首句便謂「四書無一不錯」,罗列朱熹《四书》注释的错误达451条。

參見

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 冯友兰; 赵复三. 中国哲学简史. 中国北京: 读书新知三联书店. 2009-05: 323. ISBN 9787108030795. 

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四书章句集注
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