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商羯罗主.
商羯羅主(梵語:Śaṅkara-svāmin,英語:Sankarasvamin,中文音譯為商羯羅塞縛彌),印度新因明論師,約生活於西元六世紀,是古代印度因明學家陳那的弟子,代表作為《因明入正理論》。[1]
“商羯羅”的意義是“骨瑣”,即人的骨架,亦為婆羅門教主神濕婆(大自在天)之別名(傳說其在世界初創時以苦行飢瘦形象度眾);“塞縛彌”則為“主”之意,整體意義為「以大自在天為主」,命名緣由是商羯羅主父母向濕婆祈求後順利得子。[2]在中國佛教典籍中商羯羅主則常被簡稱為天主。[3]
繼承和發揚了陳那前期的因明思想,代表作為《因明入正理論》。[4]
- ^ 本段內容參考慈怡法師主編《佛光大辭典》(北京:北京圖書館出版社,1999)中之「天主」(p.1336)、「商羯羅主」(p.4410)條目。
- ^ 窺基《大正藏‧因明入正理論疏卷上》中提到:商羯羅者,此云骨瑣。塞縛彌者,此云主⋯⋯外道有言,成劫之始,大自在天人間化導,二十四相,匡利既畢,自在歸天,事者顧戀,遂立其像,像其苦行,悴疲飢羸,骨節相連,形狀如瑣,故標此像名骨瑣天。劫初雖有千名,時減猶存十號,此骨瑣天即一名也。菩薩之親,少無子息,因從像乞,便誕異靈,用天為尊,因自立號,以天為主,名骨瑣主,即有財釋,此論是彼之所造也。
- ^ 如窺基所作《大正藏‧因明入正理論疏卷上》:「天主以旨微詞奧,恐後學難窮,乃綜括紀綱,以為此論。」又如文軌所作《卍續藏‧因明入正理論疏》:「天主既承陳那作論,何故別立後四過耶?」皆為例證。
- ^ 見呂澂《因明入正理論講解》。
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