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哈爾帕格

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哈爾帕格(Harpagos 或 Hypargus;阿卡德語:Arbaku 或 Arbaces),是公元前6世紀,西亞古國米底亞的一位將軍古希臘歷史學家希羅多德曾紀載,在帕薩爾加德之戰中,哈爾帕格背棄了米底亞,協助叛軍首領居魯士二世登上王位。

生平

根據希羅多德的《歷史》,哈爾帕格是米底亞王國的一位貴族。

那時傳出居魯士二世叛變,米底亞國王阿斯提阿格斯命令哈爾帕格率領軍隊迎戰。在帕薩爾加德平原戰鬥了3天後,哈爾帕格背叛了他的國王,轉而支持居魯士二世。這導致了米底亞的滅亡和波斯的建立。

傳說

希羅多德紀載[1],米底亞國王阿斯提阿格斯做了一個夢,夢見他的女兒芒達妮會生下一個兒子,這個人便是居魯士二世,他長大後將會成為新的國王。阿斯提阿格斯於是叫哈爾帕格在這個嬰兒出生時把他扔掉。但哈爾帕格不忍心這樣做,他將這嬰兒給了一個叫米特拉狄特斯的牧羊人[2]

10年過後,阿斯提阿格斯得知居魯士二世并没有死。作為惩罸,他殺了哈爾帕格唯一的兒子,并在一個宴會上,叫眾臣吃了他。哈爾帕格面對如此情景,表現地異常冷漠,只是在事後收集兒子的遺體埋了。阿斯提阿格斯之後問術士關於居魯士二世的命運,術士的回答是:居魯士二世被發現時,正在和他的朋友玩山丘之王的遊戲,雖然是遊戲,但也算是一個國王,也就是實現了預言,所以他已不構成威脅。根據術士的建議,阿斯提阿格斯將居魯士二世送回給他的父母,即岡比西斯一世和芒達妮。

哈爾帕格忍耐着,暗中和居魯士二世保持聯絡,另外游說貴族共同對付阿斯提阿格斯。當貴族們準備好後,哈爾帕格將一條信息藏在野兔的肚中,告訴居魯士二世如果他叛變,那麼在戰場上两軍相遇時,己方將會倒戈支持他。

註釋

  1. ^ The detailed parallels are presented by Walter Burkert, Homo Necans (1983:103-09.
  2. ^ Mitradeates: the Hellenistic form of an Iranian theophoric name meaning "given by Mithra".

外部連結

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哈爾帕格
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