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周奎 (明朝)

周奎(?—?),雲路,順天籍,南直隸人。明思宗皇后周氏的父親,早年以算命和行医为生。

生平事蹟

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女儿在崇祯帝为信王的时候,被选为信王正妃。崇祯帝登基后周氏立为皇后,周奎封为嘉定,賜第於蘇州葑門,家有女乐,陈圆圆一度是周家班成员[1]

周奎性甚吝啬,崇祯十七年(1644年),上懸令助餉,特遣司禮徐高加奎嘉定侯,多方动员之后,很不情愿地捐出一萬二千两银子。徐高曰:“老皇親如此鄙吝,大事去矣。廣蓄多產何益?”。[2][3]

北京陷落,周奎及全家都被大顺政府捉拿,在妻子、媳妇被迫自缢、长子被打死、自己和次子、侄子被严刑拷打几乎丧命之后,不得不交出七十萬巨款和全部家产[4][5][6]

相关

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注釋

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  1. ^ 鈕琇《觚胜》记载,周奎“以营葬归苏,将求色艺兼绝之女,由后进之……因出重赀购(陈)圆圆,载之以北,纳于椒庭……上见之,问所从来,后对:左右供御,鲜同顺意者。兹女吴人,且娴昆伎,令侍栉盥耳。上制于田妃,复念国事,不堪顾,遂命遣还。故圆圆仍入周邸。延陵(吴三桂)方为上倚重,奉诏出镇山海,祖道者绵亘青门以外。嘉定伯首置绮筵,饯之甲第,出女乐佐觞,圆圆亦在拥纹列……”但另一说,陈圆圆系田弘遇田贵妃父)进献。
  2. ^ 明季北略·卷20
  3. ^ 烈皇小識 卷八
  4. ^ 明季北略》曰:“城既破,有兵數人到府,奎厚犒之即去。已而有賊將張姓者至,踞其室;奎夫人卜氏姑媳皆自縊,卜即先后所自出也。諸子皆縛去,兵士辱奎特甚。復有權將軍李至,張避去。李見奎謙讓之極,頗憐之,乃以小屋數間撥與,幸免於刑死。”
  5. ^ 殉難實錄》曰:“周奎正在求死就縊之際,被賊擒去,送偽刑官三夾不死,坐贓七十萬,府第、藏庫、什物、田產俱沒入。將軍李牟據其宅”。
  6. ^ 《甲申传信录》:“嘉定伯周奎,三月十日,上以餉匱,遣司禮監太監徐本正,如太康伯張國紀、嘉定伯周奎第,隨宣詔求皆助餉,以為國老休戚所關,宜為首倡,隨即力輸以備緩急。徐本正至奎宅,先謝言:“老臣安得多金?”徐泣諭再三,其辭並堅。艴然起曰:“老皇親如此鄙吝,朝廷萬難措手,大事必不可為矣。即廣蓄多產,後來何益?”奎乃自具一疏,勉蠲銀二千兩。至是,賊系奎而去,藉其家,得現銀五十三萬,緞疋以車載之,相屬於道,諸所充積,盡搜無遺。獨慮諸子私殖,不免於刑。悔不從徐司禮之言,至今已晚矣。都督周鑑,即嘉定伯奎之子,素有贏疾,被掠死。弟鉉亦被掠。堂弟銘削髮而遁,復見獲。銘年十九,體肥偉受掠獨甚。”
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周奎 (明朝)
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