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吴嘉纪.
吴嘉纪(1618年—1684年),字宾贤,号野人,江苏泰州人,清代诗人。
出生盐民,少時多病,关心穷苦百姓,明末諸生。入清不仕,不喜交遊,[1]隱居泰州(今屬江蘇)安豐鹽場,[2]“每歲水至,常及半扉,井灶盡塌,苦吟不輟。”[3]
吴嘉纪工於詩,其詩法孟郊、賈島,語言簡樸通俗,內容多反映百姓貧苦,[4]以“鹽場今樂府”詩聞名於世,汪楫向當時的戶部侍郎周亮工推薦,順治十八年(1661年)年冬,吳嘉紀前去揚州與周亮工會面,兩人相談甚歡。隨後周亮工彙集吳嘉紀的詩作,刻為《陋軒詩》。次年周亮工過揚州,向王士禎推薦,王氏立刻爲野人詩作序。[5]孔尚任將他和王士禛、屈大均並列三家。[6]但王士禛晚年對吳詩風格頗不以為然。[7]汪懋麟評“五七言近體,幽峭冷逸……自脫拘束。至所為今樂府諸篇,即事寫情,變化漢、魏痛鬱樸遠,自為一家之言。”[8]康熙二十三年(1684年)卒,終年六十七歲。著有《陋轩诗集》等。上海古籍出版社有《吳嘉紀詩箋校》本。
祖父吳鳳儀是王艮的學生。
妻王睿,词人。
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《清史稿/卷484》,出自趙爾巽《清史稿》
《清史稿/卷484》
- ^ 袁承業在《擬刻東淘十一子姓氏》中說“季來之、吳嘉紀、王大經、周莊、沈聃開、王言綸、王衷丹、王釗、傅瑜、徐發莢、周京,右諸子皆為明儒,萃生於萬歷年間,同處東淘左右。國變後。隱居不仕,沈冥孤高,與沙鷗海鳥相出入。結社於陶上,所有懷抱,寄托詩文。”
- ^ 《明遺民錄》記:“自專工為詩,歷三十年,絕口不談仕進,隱居海濱。家貧,破屋數椽,不蔽風雨,蓬門蒿徑,樂以忘饑,顏其門日‘陋軒’。苦吟其中。……或並日一食,不以告人。”
- ^ 汪懋麟:《吳處士墓誌》
- ^ 美國當代漢學家Jonathan Chaves (齊皎瀚)有一篇文章, MORAL ACTION IN THE POETRY OF WU CHIA-CHI, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Dec. 1986), pp.387-469, 討論吳嘉紀有描述自己侄女割股療親之記載,讚揚孝忠的長篇敘述詩。
- ^ 王士禛《陋軒詩序》:“癸卯孟春,周櫟園司農將之青州,過揚州,遺予《陋軒詩》一卷,蓋海陵吳君嘉紀之作也。披讀一過,古澹高寒,有聲出金石之樂,殆郊、島者流。近世之號為詩人者眾矣,掇拾漢、魏,撏撦六朝,以獻酬標榜為名高,以類函韻藻為生活,此道羶穢榛莽久矣。”
- ^ 孔尚任〈題居易堂文集屈翁山詩集序後〉,見《吳嘉紀詩箋校》「附錄六」,頁 514。
- ^ 王士禎在《分甘餘話》則認為吳嘉紀被引進揚州社交圈後,因為“與四方之士交游唱和,漸失本色”、“其詩亦漸落,不終其為魏野楊樸。”晚年編著的《漁洋詩話》更隻字未提吳嘉紀這位詩人。
- ^ 汪懋麟:《陋軒詩序》
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