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含氟表面活性剂

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Skeletal structure of PFOS, an effective and bioaccumulative fluorosurfactant
PFOS的空间填充模型

含氟表面活性剂(也称氟化表面活性剂氟基表面活性剂,fluorinated surfactant 简写为FAS),是多个原子取代所得到的一类表面活性剂。[1]含氟表面活性剂在降低表面张力的能力上比传统的碳氢表面活性剂更具有优势。这类表面活性剂有氟化的“尾巴”和亲水的“头”。一些人造的含氟表面活性剂,如PFOS、PFOA等属于持久性有机污染物,在人体和野外被检测到存在。[2]

例子

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一些PFAS化合物包括:[3][4]

名称 缩写 分子式 分子量 (g/mol) CAS号
七氟丁酸(全氟丁酸) PFBA C3F7COOH 214.04 375-22-4
全氟戊酸 PFPA C4F9COOH 264.05 2706-90-3
全氟己酸 PFHxA C5F11COOH 314.05 307-24-4
全氟庚酸 PFHpA C6F13COOH 364.06 375-85-9
全氟辛酸 PFOA C7F15COOH 414.07 335-67-1
全氟壬酸 PFNA C8F17COOH 464.08 375-95-1
全氟癸酸 PFDA C9F19COOH 514.08 335-76-2
全氟十一烷酸 PFUDA C10F21COOH 564.09 2058-94-8
全氟十二烷酸 PFDoDA C11F23COOH 614.10 307-55-1
全氟十三烷酸 PFTrDA C12F25COOH 664.10 72629-94-8
全氟十四烷酸 PFTeDA C13F27COOH 714.11 376-06-7

全氟磺酸

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名称 缩写 分子式 分子量 (g/mol) CAS号
全氟丙烷磺酸 PFPrS C3F7SO3H 250.09 423-41-6
全氟丁烷磺酸 PFBS C4F9SO3H 300.10 375-73-5
全氟戊烷磺酸 PFPS C5F11SO3H 350.11 2706-91-4
全氟己烷磺酸 PFHxS C6F13SO3H 400.12 335-46-4
全氟庚烷磺酸 PFHpS C7F15SO3H 450.13 375-92-8
全氟辛烷磺酸 PFOS C8F17SO3H 500.13 1763-23-1

其它

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名称 缩写 分子式 分子量 (g/mol) CAS号
全氟丁烷磺胺 PFBSA C4F9SO2NH2 299.12 30334-69-1
全氟辛烷磺胺 PFOSA C8F17SO2NH2 499.14 754-91-6
全氟丁烷磺酰氟 PFBSF C4F9SO2F 302.09 375-72-4
全氟辛烷磺酰氟 PFOSF C8F17SO2F 502.12 307-35-7

参考文献

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  1. ^ Lehmler, HJ. Synthesis of environmentally relevant fluorinated surfactants—a review. Chemosphere. 2005, 58 (11): 1471–96. Bibcode:2005Chmsp..58.1471L. PMID 15694468. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.078. 
  2. ^ Houde M, Martin JW, Letcher RJ, Solomon KR, Muir DC. Biological monitoring of polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. Environ. Sci. Technol. June 2006, 40 (11): 3463–73. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.3463H. PMID 16786681. doi:10.1021/es052580b.  Supporting Information页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (PDF).
  3. ^ Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Frequently Asked Questions (PDF). Centers for Disease Control. August 22, 2017 [13 August 2019]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-18). 
  4. ^ ORD subset of PFAS with ongoing work methods (PDF). US Environmental Protection Agency. March 11, 2019 [13 August 2019]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-15). 
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含氟表面活性剂
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