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同质异像

建議将此條目或章節併入同质异形体。(討論

同质异像(polymorphism),即同质多象,属于宝石学矿物学结晶学的常用术语,是指同种化学成分的物质,在不同的物理条件与化学条件下(例如温度压力介质),会形成不同结构的晶体的现象。而形成的不同结构的晶体,称为该成分的同质多象变体

同质多象的每一种变体都有其一定的热力学范围,具备独特的形态和物理性质,且其形态和物理性质差异较大,因此同质多象变体在矿物学中基本是独立的矿物种。同种物质的同质多象变体,通常依据它们的形成温度由低至高,在其名称或成分前冠以α-、β-、γ-等希腊字母以示区别,如α-石英、β-石英等,且通常以α-表示低温变体、β-与γ-表示高温变体。

同质多象转变

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同质多象变体之间,由于物理化学条件的改变,在固体的条件下也可能发生相互转变。由于其转变的温度条件在一定压力环境下是固定的,所以自然界的矿物中如果存在某种变体或某种转化过程,就可以辅助推测该种矿物所在的地质体的形成温度。

同质多象转变可分为双向的和单向的;从晶体结构的变化这一角度,也可分为移位型、重建型和有序—无序型。

物质在发生同质多象转变时,各项物理性质随着晶体结构的改变而产生突变,但有时原本的变体的晶形却不会因此而改变,而是被新的变体所继承。这种同质多象变体继承另一种同质多象变体的晶形的现象,叫做副象(paramorphism),是判断是否发生同质多象转变的重要依据。

同质多象矿物

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以下列举一部分常见的同质多象变体矿物

参见

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同质异像
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