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司馬滔.
司馬滔(3世紀—?),表字不詳,河內溫縣人。晉朝宗室。晉安平王司馬孚玄孫,父親是章武王司馬混。永嘉之亂後流落北方,後南歸東晉,曾一度被過繼為新蔡莊王司馬確之子,後來復歸本家。
永嘉五年(311年)二月,新蔡莊王司馬確被石勒所殺[1],無子,由司馬滔過繼給司馬確作嗣子,封新蔡王。不過,同年永嘉之亂,洛陽失陷,司馬滔與一眾兄長都流落在北方。後來,司馬滔得以南奔江東,然而他卻與繼母新蔡太妃不和,最終上疏以其他兄長都流落在遼東,本宗章武國絕嗣為由,請求還嗣章武。新蔡太妃為之爭論,事情於是交付到太常處。當時太常賀循上議:「章武及新蔡兩國都是承傳不絕的藩國,按義並不應該廢掉本宗而先以旁系繼承。而司馬滔既然已經被過繼到他國當後嗣,就必須等到兄弟都不在,本國要絕嗣之時才可以回歸本宗。現在他還有兄弟在遼東,不能說沒有,道路雖然受阻,但都不是不能通往的絕地。而且遼東鮮卑奉晉命,信件和使者來往不斷。那就應該下詔到遼東,按劉羣、盧諶等先例,讓他們返回來繼承本宗封國。司馬滔現在不可以脫離所繼襲的宗支呀。」不過,晉元帝卻下詔:「司馬滔雖然出繼了,但他也有生母。新蔡太妃對他相當差,司馬滔執意這樣做,如果不接受,仍舊會有爭議,更加不妥。現在不如順從他的議願,讓他還襲章武。於是司馬滔歸本宗,封章武王,而改以汝南王司馬祐子司馬弼嗣新蔡[2][3][4]。
司馬滔在東晉位至散騎常侍,並在南方去世。
- 司马休,嗣子,蘇峻之亂時叛投蘇峻,事平時經已戰死。
- 司馬珍,蘇峻之亂被平定時年僅八歲,得免被誅。咸和六年(331年)襲封章武王,官至大宗正
- 司馬範之,司馬珍死後章武王一系絕嗣,以河間王司馬欽子司馬範之出繼,游擊將軍
- 司馬秀,桂陽太守。因妻子是桓振妹,故在義熙元年(405年)因桓振反抗晉廷而不自安,謀反失敗被殺,章武國被削除。
- ^ 《資治通鑑·卷八十七》:「二月,石勒攻新蔡,殺新蔡莊王確於南頓。」
- ^ 《晉書·新蔡王確傳》:「莊王確字嗣安,歷東中郎將、都督豫州諸軍事,鎮許昌。永嘉末為石勒所害。無子,初以章武王混子滔奉其祀,其後復以汝南威王祐子弼為確後。」
- ^ 《晉書·河間王洪傳》:「及洛陽陷,混諸子皆沒于胡。而小子滔初嗣新蔡王確,亦與其兄俱沒。後得南還,與新蔡太妃不協。太興二年上疏,以兄弟並沒在遼東,章武國絕,宜還所生。太妃訟之,事下太常。太常賀循議:『章武、新蔡俱承一國不絕之統,義不得替其本宗而先後傍親。按滔既已被命為人後矣,必須無復兄弟,本國永絕,然後得還所生。今兄弟在遠,不得言無,道里雖阻,復非絕域。且鮮卑恭命,信使不絕。自宜詔下遼東,依劉群、盧諶等例,發遣令還,繼嗣本封。謂滔今未得便委離所後也。』元帝詔曰:『滔雖出養,自有所生母。新蔡太妃相待甚薄,滔執意如此。如其不聽,終當紛紜,更為不可。今便順其所執,還襲章武。』」
- ^ 《晉書·宗室·河間平王洪傳》記載初嗣新蔡王,大興二年上奏還本宗為章武王,同卷又記後以司馬弼為新蔡王,然《元帝紀》記載司馬弼立為新蔡王在建武元年(317年)十一月,紀傳二者所記時間有矛盾,司馬滔為章武王不得在司馬弼繼任新蔡王之後,疑「大興二年」當是「建興二年」之誤。
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