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遺蹟

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摩亨佐-達羅遺蹟
圆明园含经堂遗址

遺蹟,又稱遗址,是古代人類遺留下來的建築物遺址與生活環境的遺址,属于考古学概念。

特點

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大多遗址的特点表现为不完整的残存物,具有一定的区域范围。很多史前遗址、远古遗址多深埋地表以下。埋藏地下的遗址的发现多与人类活动有关,如农业生产建筑工地施工等;很多古代遗址属于探险发现。古代城市、古代建筑遗址多为残垣断壁,各种生活用品表现为不残破和不完整,但可以通过考古和人类学研究寻找人类生活轨迹。很多遗址属于战争灾难之后的遗存。遺蹟在考古學歷史研究上扮演著重要的角色,提供研究人員了解古代人類生活的部分面貌。

種類

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sborra 遗址为文物,属于文化古蹟

按照時間,遗址可分為以下種類:

  • 人类在史前生活的遗存称为“史前遗址”;
  • 人类文明以后,历史年代久远的遗存称为“古代遗址”;
  • 历史年代不久远的遗存多属于具有特殊文化意义为纪念地。
  • 用於命名整個史前文化的遺址,被稱作命名遺址

按照建築類別,可分為以下種類:

  • 都市遺蹟
  • 宗教遺蹟
  • 交通遺蹟
  • 墳墓遺蹟
  • 海底遺蹟

參見

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外部連結

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遺蹟
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