For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 古典馬雅語.

古典馬雅語

古典馬雅語
帕倫克遺址的部分文字
区域猶加敦半島
年代9世紀-12世紀
語系
瑪雅語系
  • 西
    • Cholan–Tzeltalan
      • Cholan
        • Chorti
          • 古典馬雅語
語言代碼
ISO 639-3emy
语言学家列表emy Epigraphic Mayan
Glottologepig1241  Epigraphic Mayan[1]

古典馬雅語是目前發現證實的馬雅語系語言中,最為古老的一員,為記錄於印地安時期馬雅文明古典時期銘文所使用的語言。

語言的演變

[编辑]

從古典馬雅語至少分支出兩種方言:喬爾方言和猶加敦方言,此兩者最後又分別演變為喬爾語猶加敦馬雅語。至今,現在的喬爾語及猶加敦馬雅語使用者都還能辨識許多古典馬雅語的字彙。

書寫系統

[编辑]

古典馬雅語以一種承自奧爾梅克文字的原始文字符號書寫。古典馬雅文字符號使用的邏輯類似古埃及文,但它是一種音節文字,混雜大量的語標,構成許多動詞及名詞的字根。在文法上,古典馬雅文的字綴常以音節為單位構成。 馬雅人有一個被稱為「人類頭腦最光輝的產物」的「五進位數學體」,馬雅人(或他們的奧爾梅克祖先)獨立發展了零(類似貝型的符號)的數字,它的發明與使用比亞非古文明中最早使用「零」的印度還要早一些,比歐洲人大約早了800年。碑文顯示他們有時會用到億。例如:在計時上,馬雅人有一個稱為阿托盾的單位(相當於230億4000萬天,約6312萬年),就相當於這樣巨大的單位,只有在測量星際距離時才需要用到。

分類

[编辑]

如同其他的馬雅語系語言,古典馬雅語以其類型來看,屬於一種動主賓語言(VSO)及作格語言,並使用前綴後綴構成文法。

參見

[编辑]

參考文獻

[编辑]
Aulie, H. Wilbur; and Eveljmmnyn Aulie (Eds.). Diccionario Ch'ol de Tumbalá, Chiapas, con variaciones dialectales de Tila y Sabanilla. Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas "Mariano Silva y Aceves", No. 121. Emily F. Scharfe de Stairs (1996 re-editing) 2nd edition, electronic reproduction with March 2005 corrections. London and México D.F: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. 1999 [1978] [2010-06-26]. ISBN 968-31-0291-3. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-14).  (西班牙文)
Boot, Erik. A Preliminary Classic Maya-English/English-Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings (PDF). Mesoweb Articles. Mesoweb. 2002 [2007-07-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-12). 
Coe, Michael D.. Breaking the Maya Code. London: Thames & Hudson. 1992. ISBN 0-500-05061-9. 
Hernández de León-Portilla, Ascención. Lenguas y escrituras mesoamericanas. Arqueología Mexicana. 2004, XII (70): 20–25 [2007-07-06]. ISSN 0188-8218. (原始内容存档于2008-05-15).  (西班牙文)
Houston, Stephen D.. Reading the Past: Maya Glyphs. London: British Museum Publications. 1989. ISBN 0-7141-8069-6. 
Kettunen, Harri; and Christophe Helmke. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs (PDF). Wayeb and Leiden University. 2005 [2007-07-06]. (原始内容存档于2007-06-17). 
Montgomery, John; with revisions by Peter Mathews and Christophe Helmke. Dictionary of Maya Hieroglyphs. Maya Hieroglyphic writing: Dictionaries. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc (FAMSI). 2002–2007 [2007-07-06]. (原始内容 (online version)存档于2007-06-07). 
Stuart, David. Ten Phonetic Syllables (PDF). Research Reports on Ancient Maya Writing, 14 online publication: October 2005. Washington, D.C.: Center for Maya Research. December [2007-07-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-30). 
Thompson, J. Eric S.. Maya Hieroglyphic Writing; An Introduction. Civilization of the American Indian Series (No. 56) 3rd. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1971. ISBN 0-806-10447-3. 
  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Epigraphic Mayan. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
古典馬雅語
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?