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反君權運動.
反君權運動(法語:Monarchomaques,英語:Monarchomachs),出現在16世紀末,反對絕對君主制的運動,最早由法國雨格诺派理論家所提出,為刺殺暴君(英語:Tyrannicide)提出理論上的支持。英語:Monarchomachs 這個單字是由蘇格蘭天主教法學家威廉‧巴克萊(William Barclay)提出,他結合了希臘語:μόναρχος(monarchos,意為獨一的統治者,君主)以及希臘語:μάχομαι(makhomai,意為對抗),創造出這個單字,意思為反抗君主者。
因為法国宗教战争的刺激,造成這個思潮的出現。1572年聖巴泰勒米大屠殺更激發了反王室的情緒,反君權運動者提出人民主权论以對抗君主。[1]當時的反君權法學家以喀爾文教派為主,諸如弗朗索瓦·奥特芒(1524–1590年)、泰奧多爾·貝扎(1519–1605年)、西蒙·古拉特(1543–1628年)、尼可拉斯·柏諾(1538–1604年)、修伯特·蘭格特(1518–1581年)、莫爾奈的菲力浦(1549-1623年)等,透過著書立說與宣教佈道的方式,重新提倡了「誅殺暴君」的論點,認為君主必須受制於法律,否則失去為君主的意義,但此法律應該以上帝之法為準,君主之一切命令,亦必須以教會之意志為本,不然亦屬無用,假如君主不能依照上帝之法去統治,則為暴君,不僅是教會可以收回其權柄,人民不必服從其統治,甚而可以加以誅戮。
认为王室清剿喀尔文教派不力的天主教徒亦受此影响,于1588年将国王亨利三世赶出巴黎,并于1589年和1610年分别刺杀了亨利三世和亨利四世。[2]
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