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印度洋東南海嶺

印度洋東南海嶺(黃線所示)

印度洋東南海嶺位於印度洋南部離散邊界的海床,把北面的印度-澳洲板塊和南面的南極洲板塊分開[1],從印度洋南部的羅德里格斯三向聯結構造英语Rodrigues Triple Point(25°S 70°E / 25°S 70°E / -25; 70)經過澳大利亞以南的南冰洋,一直伸延至太平洋西南部的麥夸里三向聯結構造(63°S 165°E / 63°S 165°E / -63; 165)。自漸新世以來,印度洋東南海嶺形成了澳洲板塊南極板塊之間的板塊邊界(異常13)。[2]

印度洋東南海嶺是距凱爾蓋朗海台阿姆斯特丹岛-聖保羅岛熱點最近的傳播中心。[3] 印度洋東南海嶺的中間完全擴張速率為65 毫米/年(2.6 英寸/年),並且由於南極洲實際上是靜止的,這導致向北的山脊遷移速度為該速率的一半。[4] 沿著印度洋東南海嶺的擴散速率從88°E附近的69 毫米/年(2.7 吋/年),到120°E附近的75 毫米/年(3.0 吋/年)不等。[5]

地質學

阿姆斯特丹-聖保羅熱點

在過去的1百萬年前前,熱點活動產生了一個橫跨印度洋東南海嶺的150×200公里的高原。[6] 由於多種原因,包括阿姆斯特丹岛聖保羅島及其附近的成分與其他凱爾蓋朗熱點英语Kerguelen hotspot (Kerguelen hotspot)材料不同,[7]許多人認為阿姆斯特丹-聖保羅島熱點 (Amsterdam–St. Paul hotspot, ASP) 是獨立的。 阿姆斯特丹-聖保羅熱點高原面積達30,000 km2(12,000 sq mi),高出周圍海底500米(1,600英尺)。

参见

參考文獻

  1. ^ Stow, D. A. V. (2006) Oceans : an illustrated reference Chicago : University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226776646 - page 127 for map of Indian Ocean and ridges
  2. ^ Cochran & Sempéré 1997,The Southeast Indian Ridge, pp. 15467, 15469
  3. ^ Graham et al. 1999,Introduction, p. 298
  4. ^ Scheirer et al. 2000,Background, pp. 8244, 8247
  5. ^ Sempéré & Cochran 1997,General Characteristics of the Southeast Indian Ridge, p. 15490
  6. ^ Scheirer et al. 2000,Introduction, pp. 8243–8244
  7. ^ Bredow & Steinberger 2018,第128頁
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印度洋東南海嶺
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