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卫将军

卫将军西汉南北朝将军名号之一。

卫将军位次三司(三公),掌京师的禁卫军及边疆防卫。与大将军骠骑将军车骑将军皆位比公,秩万石,都是重要统兵将领[1]

汉文帝时始置卫将军,宋昌首任此职[2]。因其掌领京师南北军,举足轻重,是禁军统帅。王莽时与更始将军、立国将军、前将军号为四将[3]。以后与骠骑将军,车骑将军均开府置官属,不但独掌禁兵,并且预闻政务。

三国均置卫将军,魏制秩第二品。晋朝与南北朝时成为优礼大臣的虚号,以加大臣、重要州郡长官。晋代卫将军开府者为位从公,在诸名号大将军之上,多作为军府名号。东晋南朝尤为要重,以中书监尚书令兼任,统兵出征。北魏初加卫大将军则次仪同三司魏孝文帝太和年间,加卫大将军则位在太子太师之上,太和十七年(493年),定为一品下,太和二十三年(499年)改为二品。南梁南陈改为镇卫将军。隋唐时废除。

参考

[编辑]
  • 《中国历史大辞典·上卷》
  • 《中华军事职官大典》
  1. ^ 蔡质《汉仪》:“汉兴,置大将军、骠骑将军,位次丞相;车骑将军、卫将军、左、右、前、后将军,皆金紫,位次上卿。”
  2. ^ 汉书·文帝纪》:"夜拜宋昌为卫将军,领南北军,张武为郎中令,行殿中。”
  3. ^ 《汉书·王莽传》
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卫将军
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