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卡拉伊姆人

卡拉伊姆人
къарай, karaj
穿著傳統長袍的卡拉伊姆人,攝於克里米亞,19世紀。
總人口
~2,000人
 烏克蘭 (包括克里米亞)1,196[1]
     克里米亞共和國715[2]
 以色列~500[3]
 波蘭346[4]
 立陶宛241[5]
 俄羅斯205[6]
語言
卡拉伊姆語立陶宛語波蘭語俄語
宗教信仰
卡拉派猶太教基督教[7][8]
相关族群
卡拉伊姆猶太人, 克里姆查克犹太人, 撒馬利亞人, 阿什肯納茲猶太人, 塞法迪犹太人, 米兹拉希犹太人, 克里米亞韃靼人, 突厥人

卡拉伊姆人克里米亞卡拉伊姆語:Кърымкъарайлар sg. къарай - qaray特拉凱卡拉伊姆語:karaj(單數)、karajlar(複數);希伯來語:קראי מזרח אירופה, ;突厥語Karaylar)是指信奉卡拉派猶太教的说突厥语民族,是目前仅存的几个古老的民族之一,现已面临绝迹的危险。目前主要分布在俄罗斯、乌克兰,其余分布在立陶宛、波兰、埃及、以色列、美国等地,他们说一种特殊的突厥语,属于突厥语族欽察语支。他們認為自己是可薩人子孙。實際上,他們是拜占庭帝國的以色列猶太人的後裔[9]。他們與中亞人民沒有遺傳相似之處[10]

在納粹入侵俄羅斯期間時,從德國法律的角度來看,卡拉伊姆人並沒有被認為是猶太人,但仍要入勞動營。

參考文獻

  1. ^ About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001. Ukraine Census 2001. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. [17 January 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-06). 
  2. ^ Population in Autonomous Republic of the Crimea = 671, population in Sevastopol city council area = 44. 671+44 = 715. Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Автономная Республика Крым (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Autonomous Republic of the Crimea )页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
    Распределение населения по национальности и родному языку, Г.Севастополь (горсовет) (Distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Sevastopol city council)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ The Karaites of Galicia : an ethnoreligious minority among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772-1945. Brill. 2008. ISBN 978-90-47-44288-2. 
  4. ^ Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna.Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011. (PDF). [2014-03-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-18). 
  5. ^ Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą (PDF). Statistics Lithuania. [January 9, 2015]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-13). 
  6. ^ Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期April 24, 2012,. (俄語)
  7. ^ Album "Archive of the Dmitri Penbeck’s family" – compiled by V. Penbek — Simferopol-Slippery Rock, 2004. — C. 24
  8. ^ Кропотов В. С. Военные традиции крымских караимов — Симферополь, 2004. — C. 75
  9. ^ Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria, Third Edition, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2018, p. 212.
  10. ^ Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria, Third Edition, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2018, pp. 213-215.
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卡拉伊姆人
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