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博士 (官職)

博士,是中國史上的官名,起源於戰國時期。擔任“博士”這一官職的人負責:保管文獻檔案、編撰著述,掌通古今、傳授學問、培養人才等職務。

秦代

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《汉书·百官公卿表》载:“博士,秦官。掌通古今。”据《史记》记载,秦朝有博士70人。博士掌管全國古今史事以及書籍典章。

漢代

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漢初沿用這樣的官職體例。當時博士的待遇是年薪六百石糧食。

文景時,立《書經》、《詩經》、《春秋經》三博士官。

漢武帝設了五经博士,將文景時的三博士加上《易經》、《禮經》二博士。從此“博士”就成為專門傳授儒家經學的學官。“五经博士”的職責主要是傳授這五部經典。司馬遷在《史記·循吏列傳》記載:

「公儀休者,魯國博士也,以高等為魯相。」

這可以作為當時社會把深諳儒家之道的博學的人稱作博士。[1]

後代

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明清时仍有此官职,只是稍有不同。宋濂送东阳马生序》中说:“有司业、博士为之师。”明代有國子監博士廳《五經》博士,钦天监灵台博士等官。

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 楊明華 編著. 《有關文化的100個素養》. 台北: 驛站文化. 2009年7月. ISBN 978-986-6838-80-4. 
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博士 (官職)
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