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南亞鴇

南亞鴇
野生南亞鴇成鳥,攝於印度喀奇
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鸨形目 Otidiformes
科: 鸨科 Otididae
属: 鹭鸨属 Ardeotis
种:
南亞鴇 A. nigriceps
二名法
Ardeotis nigriceps
(Vigors, 1831)
南亚鸨被观测到的地点。南亚鸨曾经广泛分布,但今日仅主要分布于印度中部和西部
異名

Choriotis nigriceps
Eupodotis edwardsi
Otis nigriceps

南亞鴇學名Ardeotis nigriceps),又名大印度鴇黑冠鷺鴇,是分布於印度巴基斯坦東部的。牠們受到失去棲息地的威脅。

特徵

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南亞鴇是陸禽頸部及腳都很長,身體呈褐色及白色。牠們站立時高約1米,雄鳥長1.22米及重8-14.5公斤,雌鳥長92厘米及重3.5-6.75公斤。雄鳥及雌鳥外觀上相似,但雄鳥的毛色呈較深的沙黃色。頭頂黑色,有冠。雌鳥較雄鳥細小,頭及頸都不是純白色,未必有胸部斑紋。

行為

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南亞鴇於3月至9月繁殖,雄鳥於此時會脹大及向雌鳥示愛。雄鳥會豎起尾巴到背上,摺曲頸部,並發出很深及很急的叫聲。[2]

南亞鴇是一夫多妻制的。雌鳥每年只會生一蛋,約需27天來孵化,雄鳥並不會參與任何孵化或餵養雛鳥的工作。牠們會在開揚的地上築巢,故鳥蛋經常受到其他動物的破壞。雛鳥會與母鳥一同生活,直至下一個繁殖季節到來。雄鳥於繁殖季節是獨居的,而其他時間則會組成群落。[3]

分佈棲息地

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南亞鴇棲息在乾旱至半乾旱的草原,長滿高草及針刺叢林,但會避開灌溉地區。[2]牠們分佈在印度拉賈斯坦邦卡納塔克邦馬哈拉施特拉邦中央邦

食性

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南亞鴇是雜食性的,主要吃甲蟲草蜢種子及地上的堅果

保育狀況

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南亞鴇的數量估計少於1000隻。[4]其主要威脅是因灌溉而失去棲息地。[5]一些群落遷徙至巴基斯坦後受到捕獵的影響。[6]牠們已經消失於中央邦的卡若拉(Karera)保護區。

參考

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Ardeotis nigriceps. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. [17 August 2018].  数据库資料包含說明此物種被編入極危級別的原因
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Rasmussen, P.C. & J.C. Anderton. Birds of South Asia: the Ripley guide. 2 vols. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2005. 
  3. ^ Rahmani, A.R. Flocking behaviour of a resident population of the great Indian bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors). Revue d'Ecologie (Terre et la Vie). 1991, 46 (1): 53–64. 
  4. ^ BirdLife International. Species factsheet: Ardeotis nigriceps. 2008 [2008-12-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-06). 
  5. ^ Rahmani AR & R.G. Soni. Avifaunal changes in the Indian Thar Desert. Journal of Arid Environments. 1997, 36: 687–703. 
  6. ^ Khan, A.A., Khaliq, I., Choudhry, M.J.I., Farooq, A., Hussain, N. Status, threats and conservation of the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors) in Pakistan. Current Science. 2008, 95 (8): 1079–1082. 
  • "Ecology and Behavior of Bustard" B.N.H.S Journal Vol 78(2),28-8-81,375-77

外部連結

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南亞鴇
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