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單李群

數學中,單李群是不含非平凡的連通正規李子群的連通李群。另一個等價的定義是:單李群是對應到單李代數的連通李群。

單李群是李群理論中的基本構件,依照其李代數的複化,可以分成三族典型群,與有限個例外李代數。前者在幾何學數論中的應用有悠久歷史,而後者則涉及數學中的某些特殊配置與當代理論物理學。在應用上,我們通常會考慮更一般的半單李群或約化群。約化群的表示是當前數學的熱點之一。

分類

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單群的分類法是先考慮其李代數的複化,並分類相應的根系。為了從複數域回到實數域,下一步是分類複李代數的實形式,這可藉 Vogan 圖完成。最後,李代數一一對應到單連通李群,為了從李代數層次回到李群層次,還須要計算單連通單李群的中心。複單李代數的分類如下,以下的 代表鄧肯圖頂點個數:

複單李代數的鄧肯圖

文獻

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  • Anthony W. Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond An Introduction, 2nd edition, 2002, Birkhäuser. ISBN 0-8176-4259-5
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單李群
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