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华严字母

华严字母

华严字母是《大方广佛华严经入法界品》中所记载的42个梵语字母,由悉昙文字书写。《华严经·入法界品》记载,华严字母是善财童子参访第44个善知众艺童子时传授给他的字智法门,分有一合二合三合等三种类型[1]。相传[谁?]是古代僧侣为学习梵语制作的用汉字注音的梵语字母表[2]。有语言学家参考华严字母研究古汉语的读音[3]

字母图表

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序列 图像 字符 Unicode 天城文 IAST转写 汉字译音
1 𑖀 U+11580 a
2 𑖨 U+115A8 ra
3 𑖢 U+115A2 pa
4 𑖓 U+11593 ca
5 𑖡 U+115A1 na
6 𑖩 U+115A9 la
7 𑖟 U+1159F da
8 𑖤 U+115A4 ba
9 𑖚 U+1159A ḍa
10 𑖬 U+115AC ṣa
11 𑖪 U+115AA va
12 𑖝 U+1159D ta
13 𑖧 U+115A7 ya
14 𑖬𑖿𑖘 U+115AC U+115BF U+11598 ष्ट ṣṭa 瑟吒
15 𑖎 U+1158E ka
16 𑖭 U+115AD sa
17 𑖦 U+115A6 ma
18 𑖐 U+11590 ga
19 𑖞 U+1159E tha
20 𑖕 U+11595 ja
21 𑖭𑖿𑖪 U+115AD U+115BF U+115AA स्व sva 娑嚩
22 𑖠 U+115A0 dha
23 𑖫 U+115AB śa
24 𑖏 U+1158F kha
25 𑖎𑖿𑖬 U+1158E U+115BF U+115AC क्ष kṣa 訖灑
26 𑖭𑖿𑖝 U+115AD U+115BF U+1159D स्त sta 娑多
27 𑖗 U+11597 ña
28 𑖨𑖿𑖞 U+115A8 U+115BF U+1159E र्थ rtha 啰他
29 𑖥 U+115A5 bha
30 𑖔 U+11594 cha
31 𑖭𑖿𑖦 U+115AD U+115BF U+115A6 स्म sma 娑么
32 𑖮𑖿𑖪 U+115AE U+115BF U+115AA ह्व hva 诃嚩
33 𑖝𑖿𑖭 U+1159D U+115BF U+115AD त्स tsa 多娑
34 𑖑 U+11591 gha
35 𑖙 U+11599 ṭha
36 𑖜 U+1159C ṇa
37 𑖣 U+115A3 pha
38 𑖭𑖿𑖎 U+115AD U+115BF U+1158E स्क ska 塞迦
39 𑖧𑖿𑖭 U+115A7 U+115BF U+115AD य्स ysa 也娑
40 𑖫𑖿𑖓 U+115AB U+115BF U+11593 श्च śca 室左
41 𑖘 U+11598 ṭa
42 𑖛 U+1159B ḍha

密意、功德

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善知眾藝童子告善財言:“善男子,我得菩薩解脫,名善知眾藝。我恆稱持入此解脫根本之字。

善男子,我稱如是入諸解脫根本字時,此四十二般若波羅蜜為首,入無量無數般若波羅蜜門。又善男子,如是字門,是能悟入法空邊際。除如是字表諸法空,更不可得。何以故?如是字義不可宣說,不可顯示,不可執取,不可書持,不可觀察,離諸相故。善男子,譬如虛空,是一切物所歸趣處。此諸字門,亦復如是。諸法空義,皆入此門,方得顯了。若菩薩摩訶薩,於如是入諸字門,得善巧智;於諸言音所詮所表,皆無罣礙;於一切法平等空性,盡能證持;於眾言音,咸得善巧。若菩薩摩訶薩,能聽如是入諸字門印阿〈上〉字印,聞已受持,讀誦通利,為他解說,不貪名利,由此因緣,得二十種殊勝功德。何等二十?謂1得強憶念,2得勝慚愧,3得堅固力,4得法旨趣,5得增上覺,6得殊勝慧,7得無礙辯,8得總持門,9得無疑惑,10得違順語,不生恚愛。11得無高下,平等而住。12得於有情,言音善巧,13得蘊善巧、處善巧、界善巧。14得緣起善巧、因善巧、緣善巧、法善巧。15得根勝劣智善巧、他心智善巧。16得觀星歷善巧。17得天耳智善巧、宿住隨念智善巧、神境智善巧、死生智善巧。18得漏盡智善巧。19得說處非處智善巧。20得往來等威儀路善巧。是為得二十種殊勝功德。善男子,我唯知此入諸解脫根本字智,如諸菩薩摩訶薩,能於一切世間善巧之法,以智通達到於彼岸,而我云何能知、能說彼功德行?!”時善財童子,頭面敬禮眾藝之足,繞無數匝戀仰而去。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 华严字母. 灵隐寺. 2013-07-14. (原始内容存档于2019-08-18). 
  2. ^ 华严字母是什么?是哪四十二字?. 2018-10-11. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20). 
  3. ^ 华严字母. (原始内容存档于2019-08-18). 

外部链接

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华严字母
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