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北極狐

北極狐
冬季
夏季
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 食肉目 Carnivora
科: 犬科 Canidae
属: 狐屬 Vulpes
种:
北極狐 V. lagopus
二名法
Vulpes lagopus
Linnaeus, 1758
異名
屬異名
  • Alopex Kaup, 1829
種異名
  • Alopex lagopus
    (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Canis lagopus
    Linnaeus, 1758
  • C. fuliginosus
    Bechstein, 1799
  • C. groenlandicus
    Bechstein, 1799
  • Vulpes arctica
    Oken, 1816
  • V. hallensis
    Merriam, 1900
  • V. pribilofensis
    Merriam, 1903
  • V. beringensis
    Merriam, 1903

北极狐學名Vulpes lagopus)别名雪狐白狐,在寒冷的北極凍原地區是常見的小型犬科動物,由於其毛皮是市场上的高档貨,因此成了人们竞相猎捕的目标。

特征

北极狐额面狭,吻部很尖,耳短而圆,颊后部生长毛,脚底部也密生长毛,所以适于在冰雪地上行走,尾毛蓬松,尖端白色,身体略小于赤狐。北极狐毛皮既长又软且厚,厚厚的皮毛使北极狐的体温保持在40℃,[1]因此可抵御严寒。冬天毛色为纯雪白色,仅无毛的鼻尖和尾端黑色,自春天至夏天逐渐转变为青灰色,特称“青狐”。夏季換毛時的顏色主要跟出生時胎毛顏色有關,部分馴養北極狐經過挑選繁殖後生出的幼體胎毛是白色的,夏天換毛時的顏色也就會是白色的。

雄性北极狐体长约55厘米,尾长31厘米,体重3.8公斤;雌性53厘米,30厘米,3.1公斤。肩高在25-30厘米之間。

食物

北极狐的食物包括旅鼠鳥類与鸟浆果北极兔,有时也会漫游海岸捕捉贝类,但北極狐主食还是旅鼠。当北极狐闻到在旅鼠窝的气味或听到旅鼠窝里旅鼠的尖叫声时,牠会迅速地挖掘位于雪下面的旅鼠窝,当扒得差不多时,北极狐会高高跳起,借着跃起的力量,用腿将旅鼠窝压塌,然后将窝里的旅鼠一网打尽。在极度饥饿的情况下,北极狐会自相攻击。

家庭

成年的北極狐交配後,會組成一個家庭,由公北極狐去找食物,而北極狐被飢餓的北極熊攻擊時,失去公狐狸的家庭會另尋居住地或投靠別的北極狐,不少幼年的北極狐往往在這時候凍死了。

参考

  1. ^ 《冰上白狐》 精选集三. 山东青岛: 《美国国家地理——环球少年地理》. 
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北極狐
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