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勒布朗制碱法

勒布朗制碱法(英語:Leblanc Process)是由法国化学家尼古拉斯·勒布朗在1791年所发明的工业合成碳酸钠(蘇打、純鹼、洗滌鹼)的方法。该方法随着氨碱法的出现和发展而逐渐过时被淘汰。

反應方程式

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勒布朗製鹼法反應過程(綠色:反應物,黑色:中間產物:紅色:終產物)

勒布朗製鹼法中,第一步是將氯化鈉硫酸加熱以製備硫酸鈉,過程中並產生氯化氫氣體:

2 NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl

此反應是於1772年由瑞典化學家Carl Wilhelm Scheele發現。

勒布朗主要貢獻在於第二步:將硫酸鈉與石灰石顆粒(成分為碳酸鈣)、黑炭混和加熱。細部反應是可分為如下兩步驟:

Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2
Na2S + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaS

將反應產生的灰燼透過水洗滌,將碳酸鈉分離出來。然後再將水蒸發以得到碳酸鈉粉末。

相關條目

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勒布朗制碱法
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