For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 加州貘.

加州貘

加州貘
化石时期:中 - 晚更新世
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 貘科 Tapiridae
属: 貘属 Tapirus
种:
加州貘 T. californicus
二名法
Tapirus californicus
Merriam, 1912)
異名
  • Tapirus haysii californicus

加州貘學名Tapirus californicus)為已滅絕的一種,棲息於更新世時期的北美洲,約於 13,000 年前絕種[1]

北美洲的貘最早發現於五千萬年前始新世加拿大埃爾斯米爾島,在當時屬於溫帶氣候[2]。一千三百萬年前棲息於南加利福尼亞州的貘外型與現存的貘外型已十分相似[3]

在更新世時,除了加州貘外其他數種貘也棲息於北美洲,包括Tapirus merriami英语Tapirus merriami加利福尼亞州亞利桑那州)、Tapirus veroensis英语Tapirus veroensis佛羅里達州喬治亞州堪薩斯州田納西州)、Tapirus copei英语Tapirus copei賓夕法尼亞州至佛羅里達州)[4]

加州貘跟現存的貘一樣可能都為獨居動物,棲息於南加利福尼亞州的沿海地區(然後有一個樣本卻是發現於奧勒岡州),偏好森林以及靠近湖泊和河川的草地地區[1]。牠們體重估計可達 225公斤(496磅) ,體長則可達 140 cm(4.6英尺),不過至今仍然沒有發現完整的化石標本。加州貘具有較短的鼻骨,提供強壯的肌肉與韌帶連結並形成類似於現存貘的長鼻[3]。牠們為草食性,以灌木、葉片、水生植物、水果及種子為食。可能的掠食者包括同時期生活於同地區的斯劍虎恐狼美洲擬獅

許多加州貘的化石發現於洛杉磯拉布雷亞瀝青坑,在該地區也發現了大量其他生活於更新世的物種化石[5]

分類學

[编辑]

許多研究證據顯示,目前於更新世北美洲發現的五種貘(包括加州貘、Tapirus copei英语Tapirus copei(異名 Tapirus haysii)、Tapirus lundeliusi英语Tapirus lundeliusiTapirus merriami英语Tapirus merriamiTapirus veroensis英语Tapirus veroensis)可能其實都屬於同一物種,Merriam 認為加州貘其實為 Tapirus haysii 的亞種[6]。加州貘與 T. veroensis 的外型特徵幾乎相同且兩者生存年代也幾乎重疊[7],唯一的不同點只有發現地點而已。而 T. haysiiT. veroensisT. lundeliusi 的特徵也十分相近,被歸納於同一亞屬(Helicotapirus)之下[8]。此外, T. haysiiT. veroensis 之間的差異僅在於體型、生存年代與牙齒磨損程度而已[9]

參考來源

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 San Diego Zoo: California Tapir, Tapirus californicus. 2009 [2019-11-15]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-20). 
  2. ^ Eberle, J. 2005. A new "tapir" from Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada - Implications for northern high latitude palaeobiogeography and tapir palaeobiology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 277(4): 311-322.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Colbert, M. and R. Schoch 1998. Tapiroidea and other moropomorphs. In: C. Janis, K. Scott, L. Jacobs, (eds) Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume I: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulate like mammals. Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^ Björn Kurtén, Elaine Anderson: Pleistocene mammals of North America, pp 293-294. Columbia University Press, 1980 ISBN 0231037333
  5. ^ Return to the Ice Age: The La Brea Exploration Guide (PDF). [2019-11-15]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-11-11). 
  6. ^ Tapirus haysii californicus. [12 March 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-13). 
  7. ^ Jefferson, George T. Late Cenozoic Tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) of Western North America (PDF). Contributions in Science. August 14, 1989, (406) [2019-11-15]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-06-29). 
  8. ^ Hulbert, Richard Jr. A new early Pleistocene tapir (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from Florida, with a review of Blancan tapirs from the state (PDF). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. September 30, 2010, 49 (3): 67–126. 
  9. ^ Tapirus haysii. Florida Museum of Natural History. [12 March 2017]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-02). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
加州貘
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?