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刘恕 (历史学家)

劉恕(1032年—1078年),字道原,一作道源筠州高安(今江西高安)人。

生平

其父劉渙歐陽修同年進士。劉恕生於宋仁宗明道元年(1032年),少穎悟,過目成誦,八歲時家有客人说孔子没兄弟,劉恕舉出《论语》“以其兄之子妻之”一句以对,在座皆驚。皇祐元年(1049年)舉進士,初任邢州鉅鹿縣主簿,遷升晉州和川縣令,歷官祕書丞。劉恕篤好史學治平三年(1066年)四月,成為《資治通鑑》編修班底,[1]升迁为著作佐郎,专在史局修书。司馬光編《通鑑》,遇紛錯難治者,常要詢問劉恕。劉恕本人博聞強記,自《史記》以下諸史,旁及私記雜說,無所不覽。協修者除劉恕外,還有劉攽范祖禹等人,以劉恕出力最多;全祖望作《通鑑分修諸人考》說道:“溫公平日服膺道原,其通部義例,多從道原商榷;故分修雖止五代,而實係全局副手。”並考證出劉恕負責五代史部份(歷來有不同的說法,一說是三國兩晉南北朝部分;也有說是自南北朝至隋的長編)。

熙寧九年(1078年)秋,從洛陽返回高安途中,一路苦寒,又聞母病故,得風攣疾,右手右腳癱廢,“苦学如故,少闲,辄修书,病亟乃止。”元丰元年(1078年)九月病逝,官至祕書丞,年僅四十七歲。其父刘涣将他葬於星子城西。元祐八年(1092年)十一月,劉羲仲迁葬于江州德化县(今九江市)之龙泉。黃庭堅撰道原墓銘,稱其“博極羣書,以史學擅名一代。……平生所著書五十四卷者,皆有事實不空言。”

劉恕性狷介,喜抨擊人。但他也曾著書自訟,稱自己平生有“二十失”“十八蔽”,作文以自警,及時反省自己並改過,他這種“自攻其短,不捨秋毫”坦蕩的胸懷,令人肅然起敬。蘇軾將他比作孔融汲黯,《送劉道原歸覲南康》稱讚其“高節萬仞”。一日王安石告訴蘇軾:“子瞻當重作《三國》書”。東坡辭曰:“某老矣,願舉劉道原自代云。”[2]著有《通鑑外紀》十卷及《十國紀年》四十二卷。有二子,長子劉羲仲,長於史學;次子劉和仲,長於詩文。

注釋

  1. ^ 司馬光〈乞差劉恕趙君錫同修書奏〉云:“伏見翁源縣令、廣南西路經略安撫司,勾當公事劉恕、將作監主簿趙君錫,皆習史學,為眾所推,欲望特差二人與臣同修,庶使早得成書,不至疏略。”
  2. ^ 《河南邵氏聞見後錄》

秘書丞劉君墓碣页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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刘恕 (历史学家)
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