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分時系統

分时系統(英語:time-sharing)是計算機科學中对资源的一种共享方式,利用多道程序多任务处理使多个用戶可以同时使用一台计算机。[1]

分时的概念出现于1960年代,在1970年代作为一种杰出的模型引发了计算机历史上的一次重大技术革新。通过在多个用户之间共享计算机资源,此技术极大地降低了计算资源的成本,让个人和组织可以在不实际拥有计算机的情况下使用计算机。[2]分时系统还对交互式计算机起到了推广作用,促进了交互式软件的开发进程。

一般来说,计算机用户(可以是多个)通过特定的端口计算机发送指令,计算机完成相应任务后再将结果通过端口反馈给用户。

在早期的计算机系统中,计算机处理多个用户发送出的指令的时候,处理的方案即为分时,即计算机把它的运行时间分为多个时间段,并且将这些时间段平均分配给用户们指定的任务。轮流地为每一个任务运行一定的时间,如此循环,直至完成所有任务。

这种使用分时的方案为用户服务的计算机系统即为分时系统。

参考文献

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  1. ^ DEC TIMESHARING (1965), by Peter Clark, The DEC Professional, VOLUME 1, Number 1
  2. ^ IBM advertised, early 1960s, with a headline: "This man is sharing a $2 million computer"

参见

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分時系統
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