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分叉

密碼貨幣中,分叉含有數個定義:

  • 一條区块链分開成兩條区块链
  • 一个协议的改变[1]
  • 两个区块拥有相同的高度[2]

为了维持货币过去的交易纪录,密码货币一般进行分叉以增加新功能或堵塞漏洞。 [3]

类型

分叉可分为意外分叉和有意分叉。当两个或以上的矿工在几乎相同的时间成功挖到区块,便会出现意外分叉。 此时,矿工便会分别在两条分叉上各自挖矿,直至其中一条分叉比其他分叉更长。(这代表矿工对採纳哪一个分叉已达成共识)因此,矿工网络随后便会放弃挖掘其他分叉。被抛弃的区块被称为孤立区块。因此,不少密码货币使用者,均要求交易需要多次确认,以防止意外分叉使交易所在之区块变为无效。

有意分叉则对原区块链作出修改,可再分类如下:

硬分叉

硬分叉之中新分叉所产生之区块将被旧软件视为无效。因此所有参与者,包括交易伺服器以及矿工(节点),都必须更新软件,才能继续运行新分叉。[4]如有节点组继续使用旧软件,而其他节点使用新的软件,便有可能产生分裂成两只货币。

软分叉

与硬分叉相比,软分叉所产生之区块能够被旧软件识别为有效区块,即区块向下兼容。然而,旧软件所产生之区块则未必在新规则下有效。

另见

  • 以太坊分叉列表
  • 莱特币分叉列表

参考文献

  1. ^ Tarr, Andrew. UASF vs. UAHF, Explained. CoinTelegraph. July 19, 2017 [22 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09). 
  2. ^ Antonopoulos, Andreas. Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the Open Blockchain 2. USA: O' Reilly media, inc. 2017: Glossary. ISBN 978-1491954386. 
  3. ^ Sawyer, Matt. The Beginners Guide To Bitcoin – Everything You Need To Know. Monetarism. 26 February 2013 [2018-11-17]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-09). 
  4. ^ Amy Castor. A Short Guide to Bitcoin Forks. CoinDesk. 27 March 2017 [1 July 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-24). 
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