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公正

公正指对于同一事件对于所有的人平等对待。公正包括程序公正社会公正

簡介

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程序公正追求规则对于所有人和机构的平等,追求起点的平等。社会公正追求结果的平等,不问人们的起点、运气和努力。 现代社会以程序公正为基础,也兼顾社会的公正。

因为社会公正关系人们的利他主义良心。但如果社会过分追求社会的公正,会动摇程序公正,也会影响自由,还会削弱社会的竞争,也由于社会完全承担对于弱者的救助减弱个人对于弱者的关注。

各種看法

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叔本华提出过一个衡量不道德行为的公正程度的计算方式:

行为的不公正程度=此行为对他人造成的损害/由此行为获得的好处
公正程度=损害别人获得的好处/他人所承受的损害。

香港中文大學政治及行政系副教授周保松稱:羅爾斯認為,正義社會必須體現自由平等公民公平合作精神;經過理性考慮,每個公民有權享有一系列平等之基本自由,各人在教育和工作競爭上應享有公平之平等機會,盡量將家庭和社會背景等任意因素影響減到最少[1]:29-30。社會及經濟發展要令所有人得益,財富不平等分配須在對社會最弱勢群體最有利前提下才可被接受[2]

參考條目

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 《政治的道德:從自由主義的觀點看》 增訂版. 中文大學出版社. 2015. 
  2. ^ John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, revised edition, 1999), p.66.
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公正
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