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公山不狃.
公山不狃(?—?),《論語》作公山弗扰,春秋時代人物,魯國季孫氏家臣,曾為费邑(今山东费县)宰。孔子在魯國執政時,推行墮三都政策,公山不狃和叔孙辄被迫造反,攻魯都曲阜,被孔子擊敗。公山不狃逃到齊國,又逃到吳國。
季平子去世,他治喪得力,季桓子以他為费邑宰。前502年,和陽虎聯合,劫持季桓子。最後失敗,阳虎兵败逃亡齐国[1]。公山不狃踞费邑,召孔子前來輔佐,孔子打算前往。子路不同意,孔子說是爲了在東方恢復周禮[2]。前498年,孔子為大司寇摄相事,進行「堕三都」;三都就是季孙氏的费邑(今山东费县)、叔孙氏的郈邑(今山东东平)、孟孙氏的成邑(今山东宁阳)。三桓爲了打擊家臣勢力,都表示同意。郈邑被拆毁後,公山不狃在费邑抵抗,率軍攻入魯國國都曲阜,魯定公和季桓子、孟懿子和叔孫武叔入於季氏之宮,登武子之台,而孔子派申句须、乐颀率軍擊敗公山不狃,公山不狃和叔孙辄逃到齊國[3]。
後來,公山不狃和叔孙辄又到吳國,前487年,吳王夫差準備攻打鲁国,叔孙辄支持。叔孙辄告知公山不狃,公山不狃不同意,認為不能因個人恩怨來傷害祖國故乡。[4]
- ^ 《史記·孔子世家》:定公八年,公山不狃不得意于季氏,因阳虎为乱,欲废三桓之适,更立其庶孽阳虎素所善者,遂执季桓子。桓子诈之,得脱。定公九年,阳虎不胜,奔于齐。
- ^ 《论语·阳货》:公山弗扰以费畔,召,子欲往。子路不悦,曰:“末之也已,何必公山氏之之也?”子曰:“夫召我者,而岂徒哉?如有用我者,吾其为东周乎?”
- ^ 《左传·定公十二年》:仲由为季氏宰,将堕三都,于是叔孙氏堕郈。季氏将堕费,公山不狃、叔孙辄帅费人以袭鲁。公与三子入于季氏之宫,登武子之台。费人攻之,弗克。入及公侧。仲尼命申句须、乐颀下,伐之,费人北。国人追之,败诸姑蔑。二子奔齐,遂堕费。
- ^ 《左传·哀公八年》:吴为邾故,将伐鲁,问于叔孙辄。叔孙辄对曰:“鲁有名而无情,伐之,必得志焉。”退而告公山不狃。公山不狃曰:“非礼也。君子违,不适仇国。未臣而有伐之,奔命焉,死之可也。所托也则隐。且夫人之行也,不以所恶废乡。”
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