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公孙五楼

公孙五楼(?—?),十六国南燕大臣,慕容超在位时擔任侍中

慕容超把他过去的亲信公孙五楼当做心腹。405年,慕容超即位后,任命公孙五楼为武卫将军,领屯骑校尉,内参政事。封孚认为慕容钟段宏到外地去镇守;公孙五楼在朝中辅佐是不妥的。慕容超不从。慕容钟、段宏不平,说:“黄之皮,恐怕终将要补裘了。”公孙五楼听说这话之后,怀恨在心。406年,公孙五楼打算独揽朝政大权,在慕容超面前进谗言陷害北地王慕容钟。他毁诽、排斥元老重臣,逼反大臣慕容法等。408年,慕容超于是下令大赦,罢免了公孙五楼等人,但不久又再次任用。

409年二月,公孙五楼的哥哥公孙归和慕容兴宗、斛谷提等人率领骑兵攻克东晋宿豫。公孙五楼任侍中、尚书、领左卫将军,在朝中专权,总揽国政,他的宗族亲属也都在朝廷官居显要位置,王公大臣、朝廷内外,对他没有不忌惮害怕的。尚书都令史王俨谄媚巴结公孙五楼,几年来屡次升迁,无功竟官至左丞。所以当时百姓根据这些编了句歌谣:“欲得侯,事五楼。”慕容超又派公孙归等侵犯东晋的济南

刘裕率东晋军队来讨伐,慕容超召集大臣商议。征虏将军公孙五楼说:“吴兵轻装果决,利在速战,不可争锋。应该据守大岘,让他们无法进入,拖延时间,沮其锐气,然后挑选精骑二千人,沿海滨南下,绝其粮道,再令段晖率兖州的军队在后背处进攻,此为上策。分别命令各地官员依险固守,保留自己所用的粮食物质,剩下的全部烧毁,全部割光田野中的庄稼,让敌人不能补充给养,晋军既没粮草,求战不得,一个月之间,我军可以坐制。此为中策。把贼军放入岘山,然后我们再出城迎战,此为下策。”结果,慕容超采取了下策。退朝后,辅国将军广宁王慕容贺赖卢对公孙五楼说:“如果一定这样的话,亡国也就没几天了!”六月十二日,刘裕大军抵达东莞郡。慕容超先派公孙五楼、慕容贺赖卢以及左将军段晖等人统领步骑五万人屯据在临朐,听说东晋兵马已经通过岘山,便亲自带领步、骑兵共四万人前去迎战,并派公孙五楼率领骑兵开进巨蔑水据守。东晋部队的前锋孟龙符与他展开激战,将他打败,公孙五楼败退而走。

410年,贺赖卢、公孙五楼挖了一条地道出来袭击东晋部队,却不能把他们击退。公孙五楼拒战而逃,南燕国亡。

参考文献

[编辑]
  • 资治通鉴·卷114 晋纪三十六》
  • 《资治通鉴·卷115 晋纪三十七》
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公孙五楼
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