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光轴

光轴和光軸平行的光線通過不同透鏡折射的情形,其中紅光和光轴重合

光轴(英語:optical axis)是光學系統(如照相机镜头显微镜望远镜、眼球屈光系统)中一條假想的線,定義(在一次近似下)光學系統如何傳導光線,此假想线是具有一定旋转对称性英语Rotational symmetry[1][2]的直线。光線若和光轴重合,在光學系統中光將沿光轴傳遞。

若此光學系統“完全”旋轉對稱(相機鏡頭顯微鏡),光轴就是光學系統的旋轉中心。若光學系統是由簡單的透鏡反射鏡組成,光轴會通過各鏡面的曲率中心(如焦點),與旋轉對稱軸重合。光轴一般會和系統的機械中心重合,但也有例外,例如離軸光學系統

光線和光轴角度很小,而光線接近光學系統的軸,可以用幾何光學中的近軸近似來處理,可以簡化數學的運算。

光纖中,光轴會和纤维芯英语fiber core重合,也稱為光纖軸

參考

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-26). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2023-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-26). 

相關條目

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參考資料

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光轴
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