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光圈优先

显示光圈优先模式的尼康式模式转盘

光圈优先(英語:aperture priority)是相机的一种曝光模式。在尼康及其他品牌相机上通常用模式转盘上的字母A表示,在佳能相机上则用模式转盘上的字母Av表示。通过这种模式,相机使用者可以自己设定光圈值,而数码相机自动选择匹配的快门速度,以确定合理的曝光时间。

目的

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使用光圈优先模式的目的是,使用者可以自己控制景深。在风景摄影中,当使用者希望近处和远处的画质都要清晰,而快门速度并不重要的时候,需要设定一个较大的光圈值(较小的光圈)。在人物摄影中,相机使用者更希望一个较小的光圈值(较大的光圈),使得人物的背景失焦,用以强调人物主题而淡化背景。

使用光圈优先的另一个目的是让相机选择快门速度,以防止不恰当的曝光时间。在风景摄影中,使用者当为瀑布拍照时,会选用较小的光圈值来延长曝光时间,使得瀑布的水滴变得模糊。当在较暗的灯光下摄影时,一个较大的光圈(较小的光圈值)可以在相同的快门速度下,使更多的光线进入镜头

设置方法

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将单反相机的模式拨盘转到“A”档(佳能相机转到“Av”档)。此时转动相机的主拨盘调节光圈,转动副拨盘调节曝光补偿(EV平移),曝光时间(快门速度)则由相机自动设置。

参见

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光圈优先
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