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先锋队理论

先锋队理论是一种马克思列宁主义政治理论和策略,由无产阶级革命家弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·列宁首先在1902年的作品《怎么办?》中提出。[1]

内容

先锋主义涉及一种战略,通过这种策略,工人阶级中最有阶级意识和政治上先进的部分,被称为革命先锋,组织起来,以吸引更多的工人阶级走向革命政治,是无产阶级反对资产阶级的政治力量的体现。从理论上讲,先锋队的目标并不是成为试图将自己置于运动中心,并引导只朝着与其意识形态一致方向发展的,脱离工人阶级的独立团体。相反,它旨在成为工人阶级的有机组成部分,带来阶级意识,然后是革命意识。所组建的共产党应严格保密,组织严密,纪律严明,负责教育并引导群众。[1]

列宁认为这一做法是必须的,原因是群众因思想觉悟问题,容易受到虚假意识的影响,无法认清自己的真实利益所在,因此必须要有条件的无产阶级民主,即苏维埃民主。民主也需在党内实行,且应受民主集中制的制约,即允许在决定某一问题时就党的路线展开充分而活跃的辩论,随后党的中央领导层会结束辩论,经党员表决,执行党的路线。为了指导群众革命以及建立社会主义工人国家,必须有严格的纪律。即革命的无产阶级专政必须是无产阶级先锋党实行的专政。[來源請求]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Nimtz, August H. Lenin's Electoral Strategy from Marx and Engels Through the Revolution of 1905: The Ballot, the Streets—or Both. Palgrave Macmillan. 2014-03-13: 56 [2021-06-05]. ISBN 9781137389961. (原始内容存档于2016-12-13). 
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先锋队理论
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