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元中都

元中都,元太祖十年(1215年)五月,元太祖成吉思汗率军攻克金中都(今北京市),元太祖十二年(1217年),太师、国王木华黎改中都为燕京

歷史

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中统五年(1264年)八月,元世祖忽必烈下诏改燕京为中都,定为陪都。故城仍在今北京市区西南部广安门一带。

至元四年(1267年)正月,忽必烈由上都迁都到中都,定中都为首都,忽必烈迁都中都后,居住于中都城外的金代离宫——大宁宫内,并随即在中都的东北部,以大宁宫所在的琼华岛为中心开始進行新宫殿和都城的规划兴建工作,上都成为陪都。

改称大都

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至元九年(1272年)二月,改中都为大都。(突厥语称汗八里,帝都之意),元大都包括南城(金中都旧城)和北城(元大都新城),两者的城墙“仅隔一水”。

至元十一年正月初一(1274年2月9日),新宫阙告成,元世祖忽必烈首次在大都皇宫正殿大明殿举行朝会,接受皇太子、诸王、百官以及高丽国王王禃所派使节的朝贺。

营建新中都

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大德十一年(1307年)正月,成宗崩,五月,武宗卽位;六月,于旺兀察都之地(今河北省张北县馒头营乡白城子)营建新的中都

参考文献

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  • 元史·世祖本紀》
  • 《元史·地理志》

參見

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元中都
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