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傘滑刃屬

傘滑刃屬
喜木伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 线虫动物门 Nematoda
纲: 色矛綱 Chromadorea
目: 小桿目 Rhabditida
科: 滑刃科 Aphelenchoididae
亚科: 傘滑刃亞科 Bursaphelenchinae
属: 傘滑刃屬 Bursaphelenchus
Fuchs, 1937
物種

約70-90個物種,見內文[1][2]

傘滑刃屬屬名Bursaphelenchus)是寄生滑刃科線蟲的一個线虫。本屬物種的食性基本上都以真菌為食英语mycophage,但有兩個物種以木為食,分別為Bursaphelenchus cocophilusBursaphelenchus xylophilus,分別是椰樹松樹的重要寄生蟲。本屬物種的分類,除非有受過訓練的蠕蟲學家英语helminthologist輔以顯微鏡DNA排序 分析,否則要辨別並不容易。因此部分國家會將本屬所有物種均列入要隔離的類別。然而如果情況並非如此,這些線蟲其實很適合作為線蟲的發育生物學生態學遺傳學模式生物[3]

截至2009年 (2009-Missing required parameter 1=month!),本屬物種估計有約70[2] 到 90個[1]。新的分類單元仍然時常出現。

生態

[编辑]

本屬物種包括有一個雌雄同體的物種,即okinawaensis;另外還有過百個雌雄異體的物種[4]。他們棲息於土壤或腐爛的木材中,以木材本身為食或在其中生長的真菌菌絲,例如:灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea)。這些行為有時對木林有益,因為可當減少木林內的真菌負荷;然而當牠們開始消耗木林的植物組織時,那表示已有機會令木林死亡[3]

這些攜播性的線蟲,在休眠幼蟲英语dauer larva階段時被昆蟲在樹林間散佈。所涉及的昆蟲物種包括有:樹皮甲蟲(黃瓜甲蟲)、象鼻蟲、扁平長角甲蟲(Monochamus)等溝脛天牛亞科Lamiinae甲蟲物種。休眠幼蟲的形成過程尚不清楚,但它具有研究意義,因為它對這些線蟲如松樹萎縮引起的植物病害的流行具有重要意義[3]

部分物種

[编辑]

以下為部分Bursaphelenchus的物種[3][5][6]

  • 奇异伞真滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus aberrans Fang,et al.,2002[7]
  • Bursaphelenchus abietinus Braasch & Schmutzenhofer, 2000
  • Bursaphelenchus abruptus
  • 非洲伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus africanus Braasch, et al., 2007
  • Bursaphelenchus anatolius
  • Bursaphelenchus antoniae
  • Bursaphelenchus arthuri
  • Bursaphelenchus borealis
  • Bursaphelenchus chitwoodi
  • Bursaphelenchus clavicauda
  • 椰子红环腐线虫 Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
  • Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus
  • 弯尾伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus curvicaudatus [8]
  • 豆伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus doui [9]
  • Bursaphelenchus eggersi
  • Bursaphelenchus eremus
  • Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus
  • 食菌伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus fungivorus Franklin & Hooper, 1962[9]
  • Bursaphelenchus gerberae
  • 赫列尼克斯伞真滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus hellenicus Skarmoutsos, Braasch & Michalopoulou, 1998[7]
  • Bursaphelenchus hildegardae
  • 霍夫曼尼伞真滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus hofmanni Braasch, 1998[7]
  • Bursaphelenchus hunti
  • Bursaphelenchus hylobianum
  • Bursaphelenchus kevini
  • 拟松材线虫 Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya & Enda,1979[7]
  • Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis Kanzaki, et al., 2008
  • Bursaphelenchus paracorneolus Braasch, 2000
  • 拟小松伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus parapinasetri [10]
  • Bursaphelenchus parvispicularis
  • Bursaphelenchus pinasteri Baujard, 1980
  • Bursaphelenchus piniperdae Fuchs, 1937
  • Bursaphelenchus platzeri
  • Bursaphelenchus poligraphi Fuchs, 1937
  • 莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus rainulfi Brassch,2002[11],瑞氏伞真滑刃线虫
  • Bursaphelenchus sachsi Ruhm, 1956
  • Bursaphelenchus seani Giblin & Kaya, 1983
  • Bursaphelenchus sexdentati Rühm, 1960
  • 中华伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus sinensis
  • 新加坡伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus singaporensis
  • 泰国伞滑刃线虫 Bursaphelenchus thailandae
  • Bursaphelenchus tusciae Ambrogioni & Palmisano, 1998
  • Bursaphelenchus vallesianus
  • 松材线虫 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle,喜木伞滑刃线虫,伞滑刃属松材线虫,[12]
  • Bursaphelenchus yongensis

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Han, H.; et al. First report of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus on Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). Plant Disease. 2009, 93 (12): 1354. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-12-1354c. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Kikuchi, T.; et al. Identification of putative expansin-like genes from the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and evolution of the expansin gene family within the Nematoda (PDF). Nematology. 2009, 11 (3): 355–64 [2018-03-27]. doi:10.1163/156854109x446953. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kanzaki, N.; et al. First report of parthenogenesis in the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937: A description of Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis sp. nov. isolated from Monochamus maruokai (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zool. Sci. 2008, 25 (8): 861–73. PMID 18795821. doi:10.2108/zsj.25.861 (英语). 
  4. ^ Shinya, Ryoji; et al. Evidence of Hermaphroditism and Sex Ratio Distortion in the Fungal Feeding Nematode Bursaphelenchus okinawaensis. G3. 2014, 4 (10): 1907–17. PMC 4199697可免费查阅. PMID 25122669. doi:10.1534/g3.114.012385 (英语). 
  5. ^ Ryss, A.; et al. A synopsis of the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae) with keys to species (PDF). Nematology. 2005, 7 (3): 393–458 [2018-03-27]. doi:10.1163/156854105774355581. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-20) (英语). 
  6. ^ 沈培垠, 李明, 李红梅,等. 伞滑刃线虫属分种检索[J]. 植物检疫, 2005, 19(2):76-83.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 秦复牛, 潘沧桑. 福建省松树线虫的研究I.松干伞真滑刃线虫的种类[J]. 厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 44(5):137-142.
  8. ^ 王金成, 余本渊, 林茂松. 木质包装材料中线虫一新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述[J]. 动物分类学报, 2005.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 卓侃, 王宏洪, 李迅东,等. 中国2种伞滑刃属线虫记述(线虫门:寄生滑刃科)[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2011, 30(3):7.
  10. ^ 王宏毅, 张绍升. 中国马尾松木上伞滑刃属线虫新种记述[J]. Zoological Systematics(动物分类学报(英文)), 2007, 032(004):906-912.
  11. ^ 王宏毅, 杨再福, 张绍升. 福建枯死松材中的莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫鉴定[J]. 福建林学院学报, 2005.
  12. ^ Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Parasite of the Day. [2024-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-30). 
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傘滑刃屬
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