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倍徑

倍徑是表示管狀火器,最常見於代表火炮的砲管長度相對於口徑的比例,兩者都是顯示火炮的重要數字,同時也是火炮分類的重要依據之一。

使用方式

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倍徑是一個無單位的數字,與口徑共同表示火炮的基本大小。倍徑是以炮管的長度除以炮口直徑之後取最接近的整數而得。在標示上有會與英文字母L一起出現,意思是長度。譬如,40公厘/70或者是40公厘/L70,後面的70都代表炮管的長度是火炮口徑的70倍左右。

意義

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由於管狀火炮的彈頭在炮管內受到推進藥產生的氣體作用時間愈長,炮口初速愈高,能量愈大,彈道也較為平伸,對射程也有正面的影響,因此理論上炮管的長度愈長愈好。在比較兩門同口徑的火炮的威力時,倍徑的大小是一個很好的參考依據。其中,倍徑愈大表示炮管愈長。

火炮分類

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除了依照火炮的使用類型,如高射炮或者是艦炮區分之外,另外一種常見的火炮分類方式是以倍徑來處理:

不過此種分類方式比較適用於二戰前火炮,近代迫擊炮長度大多超過10倍徑,火炮超越45倍徑卻稱之為榴彈炮者不在少數,加農炮以及加榴炮這些名詞逐漸被省略皆以榴彈炮稱呼。

相關條目

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參考資料

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  • 王爾林,現代兵器概論,兵器工業出版社,1995年,ISBN 7800388883
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倍徑
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