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個人

個人,是具有某些能力或屬性的人類個體,例如理性道德意識自我意識,並且是文化上建立的社會關係形式(例如親屬關係、財產所有權法律責任)的參與者。[1][2][3][4] 人格的定義特徵以及因此使一個人算作一個人的原因,在不同文化等背景及脈絡下有很大差異。[5]

除了人格問題之外,是什麼讓一個人被視為一個人,還有關於個人身份自我的進一步問題:關於是什麼使任何特定的人成為特定的人而不是另一個人,以及是什麼使一個人成為一個人—儘管有任何干預性變化,但某個時間的人仍與他們在另一時間或將成為同一個人(參見人格同一性)。

英語中,Person的複數形式“people”,常用於指整個民族族群(如“a people”),這是該詞的本義;它隨後被用作表示複數形式的人。另一複數形式“persons”經常用於哲學法律寫作中。

参见

參考來源

  1. ^ Personhood. obo. [2021-12-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-12) (英语). 
  2. ^ De Craemer, Willy. A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Personhood. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society. 1983, 61 (1): 19–34 [2021-12-19]. ISSN 0160-1997. doi:10.2307/3349814. (原始内容存档于2020-08-04). 
  3. ^ Christian Smith. 2003. Moral, Believing Animals: Human Personhood and Culture. Oxford University Press
  4. ^ Carrithers, Michael, Steven Collins, and Steven Lukes, eds. 1985. The category of the person: Anthropology, philosophy, history. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
  5. ^ Richard A. Shweder/Edmund J. Bourne. 1982. Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally?, in: Anthony J. Marsella/Geoffrey M. White (eds), Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy, Dordrecht, S. 97-137.
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個人
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