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俄耳甫斯

傷悼俄耳甫斯(1865年),居斯塔夫·莫罗
俄耳甫斯带领欧利蒂丝离开地狱

俄耳甫斯希臘語Ὀρφεύς;拉丁轉寫:Orpheús)是希腊神话中的一位音乐家。传说他是色雷斯[1],故乡是奥德里西亚王国的比萨尔提亚[2],参加过阿耳戈英雄远征,亦以与其妻欧律狄刻的悲情故事而为人所铭记。

根据俄耳甫斯留下的诗篇,古希腊出现过一个以他為名的秘密宗教,即俄耳甫斯教

神话

阿波罗缪斯女神中的卡利俄珀所生,音乐天资超凡入化。他的演奏让木石生悲、猛獸驯服。伊阿宋组织阿耳戈英雄远征,去涛汹地险的黑海王国寻取金羊毛。俄耳甫斯踊跃参加,在征途中用神乐压倒了塞壬的艳迷歌声,挽救了行将触礁的征船和战友。塞壬们沮丧不堪,纷纷投海自尽。

音乐也使他痛心:寧芙歐律迪刻倾醉七弦竖琴(里拉)的恬音美乐,投入英俊少年的怀抱。婚宴中,女仙被毒蛇噬足而亡。痴情的俄耳甫斯冲入地狱,用琴声打动了冥王黑帝斯,欧律狄刻再获生机。但冥王告诫少年,离开地狱前万万不可回首张望。冥途将尽,俄耳甫斯遏不住胸中爱念,转身确定妻子是否跟随在后,却使欧律狄刻堕回冥界的无底深渊。

悲痛欲绝的少年隐离尘世,山野漂泊中遇到崇奉酒神戴歐尼修斯及醉里痴狂的一帮色雷斯女人,不幸死在她们手中。砍下的头颅虽被抛入河流,口里仍旧呼唤着欧律狄刻的名字。缪斯女神将他安葬后,七弦琴化成了苍穹间的天琴座

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Fritz Graf and Sarah Iles Johnston, Ritual Texts for the Afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets (Routledge, 2007), p. 167
  2. ^ TZETZES, CHILIADES BOOK 1 - Theoi Classical Texts Library. www.theoi.com. [2022-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-05). 
  • 上海辞书出版社《辞海 上》第637页 1999年版
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俄耳甫斯
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