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侨置

侨置中國古代一種特殊的行政區劃管理制度。

簡介

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公元四世紀初,各少數民族在中國北方建立起割據政權,對居住在北方之漢人實施暴虐統治;北方漢人不堪少數民族貴族壓迫,紛紛南逃,以後仍稱原籍郡名以資識別[1]:71東晉政府為安慰民心,就在其所遷移之地方,冠以舊居住地之地名,建立僑州僑郡僑縣[1]:71

晉元帝大興三年(公元320年),琅邪國(今山東臨沂縣蒙陰縣)僑置懷德縣丹陽郡(今江蘇南京市),為僑置制度之始[1]:71

例子

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如313年,高句丽进攻乐浪郡,据有乐浪、带方二郡的张统因不堪长期孤军与高句丽、百濟作战而率千余家迁到辽西投靠鮮卑人慕容廆。慕容廆後为其在辽西侨置乐浪郡(《资治通鉴》卷八八,建兴元年条)。

南北朝時,南朝北朝都有一些相似或者相同的地名。如晉朝兗州原在今山東境內,後在廣陵(今揚州附近)設置了南兗州徐州原在今蘇北,後在丹徒設置了南徐州。這樣就出現了南北兩朝都設置兗州徐州揚州等。《南史·王玄谟传》:“雍土多诸侨寓,玄謨上言,所统侨郡无有境土,新旧错乱,租课不时,宜加并合。”《北史·寇讚传》:“进讚爵河南公,加安南将军,领南蛮校尉,仍刺史,分洛、豫二州之侨郡以益之。”

参见

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参考文獻

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引用

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 程幸超. 《中國地方政府》. 香港: 中華書局. 1987. 

書籍

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侨置
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