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使徒

使徒古希臘語ἀπόστολος,英語:Apostle),原意是擔負使命的人、傳遞信息的人。

基督教,是特別的宗教頭銜,天主教漢譯為宗徒門徒,最早用於耶穌所親自揀選的十二名門徒。在基督教會(Ecclesia)之後,將這個名稱用在聖經圣靈揀選,有特殊使命的人,類似於先知

字源

使徒的字根,源自通用希臘語ἀπόστολος(apóstolos),原意是「受派遣出去的人」;可以拆解成 από(apo,從)與 στολος(stólos,意思是船艦),意思是出外航行的人,也可以拆解為 από(apo,遠離、從)與 στέλλω(stello,送出),可以翻譯為拉丁文 ex(從)與 mitto(送出),由此組成拉丁文單字 emissary,意思是由此送出。也可以翻譯為拉丁文單字 missio,意思為某個肩負任務的人。英文的任務(mission)與傳教士(Missionary),就是由此衍生而來。

在猶太人中,有個官職,稱為 希伯來語שליח‎(apostle),也可能是使徒的由來之一。

使徒被認為是肩負了特殊使命的門徒

基督教

除了十二名由耶穌基督選用的使徒之外,包括使徒保羅巴拿巴以巴弗提等早期的教會領袖都曾被冠上使徒的頭銜。

另見

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使徒
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