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偉晶岩

含有蓝色刚玉晶体的伟晶岩

伟晶岩(英語:pegmatite)因为其经常含有大粒晶体而得名,具有粗粒或巨粒结构,粒径通常超过10毫米,晶体最大可以达到数甚至十米以上长,一般颜色较浅,是一种浅成岩,但常产于深成岩的体内或周围,其包含的晶体经常是有价值的矿物,对于其产生的原因,有多种解释,有的理论认为是由于火山残余的溶浆缓慢结晶而成,也有认为是由于高压造成的强烈扩散条件影响,目前尚没有一致公认的理论。

伟晶岩一般由石英长石云母组成,含硅的形式与花岗岩类似。 此外,已知含角闪石,钙富集斜长石辉石,似长石等矿物的镁铁伟晶岩,它们较为罕见,发现于大片层状侵入物的重结晶区和蜕膜中。


根据其成分不同,伟晶岩可以分为:

  • 伟晶辉石岩,黑色或绿黑色,主要由辉石的巨晶组成;
  • 辉长伟晶岩,灰色或灰黑色,主要生长在辉长岩中;
  • 花岗伟晶岩,灰白色、肉红色或浅灰绿色,主要由石英和长石组成,多有石榴石绿柱石黄玉等矿物;
  • 正长伟晶岩,灰白色或浅肉红色,几乎全部由碱性长石组成;
  • 霞石正长伟晶岩,灰白色或浅绿色,主要由霞石和碱性长石组成;

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偉晶岩
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