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後宮 (伊斯蘭)

1915年,欧洲画家笔下的後宮油畫

伊斯蘭世界的後宮(阿拉伯语:حرم‎),本義為禁止之地,神圣密室。起源于近东,包括阿拉伯帝國倭馬亞王朝阿拔斯王朝伊朗薩法維王朝印度蒙兀兒帝國土耳其奥斯曼帝国等皇室。并通过奥斯曼帝国传入西方世界。指在一夫多妻制环境下的女性以及未成年兒子的居住场所,禁止成年男性进入。奧地利作曲家莫扎特曾以鄂圖曼帝國後宮為題材創作歌劇後宮誘逃》,日本动漫中的“后宫型作品”中的后宫一词就来源于此概念。

鄂圖曼帝國

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鄂圖曼帝國時期,蘇丹的後宮,等級秩序嚴謹,以在位蘇丹的母親(稱蘇丹皇太后)地位最高並擁有絕對的權力,有部分蘇丹皇太后甚至能代替蘇丹本身執掌國政。在鄂圖曼帝國初期,蘇丹的四位正妻蘇丹后英语Haseki sultan,其之下有多個級別的妃嬪,最高為可敦,再之下依次夫人(土耳其語Kadın[a])、幸人(土耳其語Ikbal[b]、睞人(土耳其語Gözde[c]等。後來改制,正妻改稱皇后英语Kadınefendi土耳其語Kadınefendi),廢除可敦位號,其他妃嬪位號不變。嫡子繼位後,其生母會被尊為蘇丹皇太后,若由庶子繼位,其生母不得尊為皇太后,有些會由其中一位嫡母作為養母尊為蘇丹皇太后。

後宮中有多名不同等級的宮女,負責不同職務。

圖庫

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注釋

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  1. ^ 原意為「女人」或「妻子」。
  2. ^ 原意為「幸運者」。
  3. ^ 原意為「被注視的」,即被蘇丹注視。

參考書目

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  • Hans Wehr. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic: (Arabic-English), 4th ed. Spoken Language Services, 1994, s.v. حرم.
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後宮 (伊斯蘭)
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